O’RTA ASRLAR INGLIZ RITSARLIK ROMANLARIDA QAHRAMON OBRAZINI YARATISHNING LISONIY VOSITASI.

Аннотация

The main subject of the literary image in any work of literature is the image of the main character, to which the author gives certain features of appearance and character using various stylistic methods. These techniques help readers to enter the world of the literary work, help to understand the purpose of the author regarding the inner state, feelings, mood and actions of the main character. A reader who has a complete understanding of the central characters can go deeper into the concept of the whole work. In this article, the linguistic means of creating the image of the hero are explained with the help of examples. Key words: metonymy, linguistic tool, image, antithesis, exaggeration, metaphor. ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ СРЕДСТВА СОЗДАНИЯ ОБРАЗА ГЕРОЯ В АНГЛИЙСКИХ РОМАНАХ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЯ. Аннотация. Основным предметом литературного образа в любом литературном произведении является образ главного героя, которому автор, используя различные стилистические приемы, придает определенные черты внешности и характера. Эти приемы помогают читателям войти в мир литературного произведения, помогают понять цель автора относительно внутреннего состояния, чувств, настроения и действий главного героя. Читатель, имеющий полное представление о центральных героях, 54 может глубже проникнуть в концепцию всего произведения. В данной статье на примерах объясняются языковые средства создания образа героя. Ключевые слова: метонимия, языковой инструмент, образ, антитеза, преувеличение, метафора. Badiiy asar qahramoni hamma tomonlama haqiqiy odamdan ustundir. Masalan, asar qahramoni murakkab, o‘zgaruvchan, ba’zan sirli bo‘lishi mumkin, lekin u o‘quvchiga doim tushunarli bo‘lishi kerak. O‘quvchi qahramon obrazini uning harakatlarini o‘rgangandan s o‘ng, uning boshqa personajlar bilan yoki o'zi bilan munosabatlarini tahlil qilgandan s o‘ng o‘z ongida shakllantiradi. Qolaversa, qahramonning xarakteri va qiyofasi tashqi xususiyatlar orqali va uning yaqinlari muhiti, unga tegishli narsalar orqali ochiladi. Qahramonning fikr va harakatlariga alohida e’tibor beriladi. “Badiiy obraz har doim ham shaxsning umumlashtirilgan, tiplashtirilgan tasviri bo‘lavermaydi. Badiiy asarda konkret shaxs va hodisalarni tasvirlash orqali butun bir davrning umumlashtirilgan obrazi, jamiyat yoki tabiat obrazi yaratilishi mumkin”.1 Qahramon obrazini yaratishning navbatdagi lisoniy vositasi metonimiyadir. Metonimiya muayyan obʼekt yoki belgi haqidagi gʼoyalarni kuchaytiradi va buni quyidagi misolda koʼrish mumkin: But the other knight hit him so hard in midst of the shield, that horse and man fell to the earth, and therewith Arthur was eager, and pulled out his sword, and said, I will assay thee, sir knight, on foot, for I have lost the honour on horseback. Tarjimasi: Va ritsar uning qalqoni oʼrtasiga shunday kuch bilan urdiki, ot va chavandoz erga quladi. Shunda Artur gʼazablanib, qilichini chiqarib dedi: "Endi men sizga piyoda hujum qilaman, ser ritsar, chunki men egarda qarshilik qila olmadim va magʼlub boʼldim." Eʼtiborli jihati shundaki, “Аrturning oʼlimi” romanida badiiy obraz yaratish vositasi sifatida metonimiya nihoyatda kam uchraydi, “Qirol Xorn” romanida esa umuman yoʼq. Foydalanish darajasi boʼyicha metonimiya bilan bir qatorda antiteza mavjud. Antitezaning eng yorqin misoli quyidagilardir: At that time came in the Knight with the Two Swords and his brother Balan, but they two did so marvellously that the king and all the knights marvelled of them, and all they that beheld them said they were sent from heaven as angels, or devils from hell… 1 Власова Е.С. Значение языковой природы художественного образа в литературе. – M.: Молодой учёный, 2011. – c.84. 55 Tarjimasi: Ikki qilichli ritsar akasi bilan u erga etib keldi va ikkalasi shunaqangi moʼjizalar koʼrsatdiki, qirol va barcha ritsarlar hayratda qolishdi. Ularni jangda koʼrgan har bir kishi, ular osmondan yuborilgan farishtalar yoki er osti dunyosidan kelgan shaytonlar boʼlsa kerak, deb aytishdi. Garchi qirol va uning ritsarlari oʼz davlatlarida eng kuchli va jasur boʼlsalar ham, ular bu ikki ritsar ularni magʼlub etganini tan olishadi, va bunda ularga faqat samoviy yoki shaytoniy kuchlar yordam berishi mumkinligiga ishora qiladi. Ehtimol, bu oʼrinda muallif nafaqat jismoniy, balki butun ritsarlikning maʼnaviy kuchini ham koʼrsatishga uringandir. Har bir qahramonning oʼziga xosligi va individualligini taʼkidlash uchun muallif koʼpincha mubolagʼadan foydalanadi. Quyida “Аrturning oʼlimi” asaridagi mubolagʼaga ayrim misollar keltirilgan. …here lieth a duchess dead, the which was the fairest of all the world, wife to Sir Howell, Duke of Brittany, he hath murdered her in forcing her, and hath slit her unto the navel. Tarjimasi: ... bu erda Bretani gertsogi, ser Xauelning rafiqasi, dunyoda goʼzallikda tengi boʼlmagan, marhuma gertsoginya yotadi. Eri uni zoʼravonlik bilan oʼldirdi, va uni kindigigacha yirtib tashladi. Bu oʼrinda muallif nafaqat ayolning goʼzalligini, balki qotilining shafqatsizligini koʼrsatmoqchi boʼ