GERMAN AND FRENCH APPROACHES TO MIGRATION SECURITIZATION PROCESSES

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION In contemporary political science, the broad study This article uses scientific methods and approaches of the causes and consequences of migration is used to analyze various socio-political problems. In becoming increasingly relevant due to the fact that particular, content analysis of ethnology, sociology, it is more related to the security sphere than to its later scientific works and official information on socio-economic aspects. In many scientific works, migration problems was carried out. In this case, there is increasing debate about when and why special conclusions were formed by summarizing migration is securitized, what are the the basic concepts and theoretical approaches consequences of securitization of immigration, and most often used in the classification of modern what should be the balance between human rights migration processes. These conclusions are based and levels of security. on the results of the event analysis of the current migration situation in Germany and France. With the end of the Cold War and changes in the way security threats are perceived, immigrants The main part have come to be seen as the cause of widespread Thus, the securitization of migration consists of threats related to terrorism, drug and human four specific axes: Socio-economic - due to trafficking, or organized crime. In this context, the unemployment, the growth of the informal traditional concept of security has been expanded economy, the crisis of the welfare state and the by the “securitization” of policy areas that were deterioration of the urban environment; Security previously alien to it, including human trafficking narratives about the weakening or loss of and irregular migration [11]. sovereignty, borders, and the control system that METHODS connects internal and external security; https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajssei 103 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2689-100X) VOLUME 06 ISSUE07 Identitarian - the perception of migrants as a threat but the relationship between migration and terror to national identity and the demographic balance of became closer after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, host societies; and Political – anti-immigration, although it began much earlier. It must be said racist and xenophobic speeches and actions [4:24]. clearly that the association of Muslims with terrorism has increased. After all, in the political If immigrants are not integrated into host rhetoric of the Western countries, Islam has been communities, especially if they come from a strengthened as an “enemy”, this image has been completely different cultural background, the derived from the Orientalist thinking for centuries. potential risk of religious and ethnic conflicts is At the time, the Bush administration created a higher, requiring new government efforts to unique form of rhetoric to frame its policies in the integrate ethnic minorities into national “new” war on terror. Scholar David Domke coined communities [13:25-50]. the term “political fundamentalism” to describe the From this point of view, Germany and France, new blend of evangelicalism and foreign policy which are considered to be the countries with the activism that characterized the Bush most immigration in the world and in Europe, have administration after 9/11 [5:21]. In other words, a great scientific and practical importance in terms the “political fundamentalism” of the West was of “securitization” of immigration. It is important to created in the struggle against the “religious study the similarities and differences, experience, fundamentalism” of Islam. In favor of America, achievements and shortcomings. Germany has introduced two security packages When we examine the stages of formation and containing very different security measures related current situation in Germany and France according to immigration and migrants; and with respect to to the four streams of securitization of migration the then-debated Immigration Act, new aspects mentioned above, we can see that they have similar were put into context after the events of 9/11 and unique approaches. [11:6]. Even in France, the events of September 11 started to suggest the need to update the Action The first issue is related to the importance of Plan against terrorism. At that time, Muslims were migration in the security and defense strategy, and not associated with terrorism in France, but the it is known that in Germany, migration has been situation changed after the attacks on Charlie widely studied in the framework of national Hebdo in 2015 [16:464-488]. security and defense strategies. Especially after the migration crisis of 2015, while migration has Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, become a priority in German’s domestic and 2001, the Council of Europe held an extraordinary foreign policy, France’s national security and meeting ten days after the attacks to review the defense strategies ha