EVOLUTION OF SAZ SOILS OF CENTRAL FERGHANA GRASSLAND

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION the soil sections along the geochemical-geographic The soils of the Central Fergana desert, developed section was used in the field research. “Methodical in the 1930s-1950s, have undergone significant recommendations” of the Institute of Soil Science changes under the direct influence of the human named after V.V. Dokuchaev [3] were also used. factor, and their morphogenetic structure, as well as other properties, have acquired a unique RESULTS appearance compared to their appearance. It was The change in ecological conditions changes the formed during the stagnant period. geochemical properties of the soil, thereby shifting In the studies on the genesis and gradual it to the stage of gradual development [5, 34-37p], development of soils formed in the area during the and as a result, the genetic layers in the soil section, past time, it was noted that these soils are formed its natural properties and characteristics begin to and developed under the influence of specific change and lead to an increase in the level of factors [2,83-110 b, 4, 77 b]. Now, an approach with natural fertility. The gradual development of soils sufficient emphasis on the leading influence of the is understood as the change of already developed anthropogenic factor in the changes in the cross- full-profile soils in connection with the evolution of section of soils may allow to further illuminate the the entire natural environment. In this case, one process of their gradual development. genetic type or type of soil can pass to another genetic type or type. In the soil profile, features METHODS characteristic of the previous stage of soil The object of the research is the meadow saz soils formation gradually fade or transform, and new formed in Central Fergana. The method of placing features are formed corresponding to the new https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajabe 7 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (ISSN – 2689-1018) VOLUME 06 ISSUE06 stage of soil formation. the saline meadow soils, and in the lands where the mineralized seepage waters are located close to the The irrigated soils of Central Fergana, selected for earth’s surface. They are more widespread along the study of changes in the genetic layers of soils, the outer border of the Margilan oasis, that is, the are mainly rich meadow saz soils, which were desert part, than in other cone-shaped areas of the developed after the 1930s and 1950s, separated at valley. the type level. This section of soils differs from the section of meadow saz soils in the region by the Coarse-soft salt marshes occupied higher areas formation of specific layers, gypsum, arzic, chalky, with deeper seepage waters. The morphology of gypsum-rich, and arzyc-rich layers. dense-soft cones is distinguished by the following characteristics: on the surface of the soil there is an At the end of the 70s of the last century, protected uneven, rough, brittle, 1-5 cm thick, spongy porous, arable soils were located in the north-western light brown layer. Lime, gypsum, and sodium parts of the Isfayram-Shahimardonsoy contiguous chloride salt are the majority of the aggregate. A spreading cones and in small areas within the layer consisting of small crystals of Na2SO4- irrigated lands of the lake-proluvial plain and in predominant salts, mixed with soft, fine soil rock of salt marsh complexes of sandy valleys (2, 83-110 a light color or oozing color, with a thickness of 1-2 p). At present, almost all areas with rich soils have cm to 15-30 cm lies under the thicket. Beneath the been brought under irrigation farming. The eco- soft layer is a salty crust that adheres tightly to the ameliorative state and structure of the soil cross- soil. section of the reclaimed rich soil lands in the study area varied widely depending on the length of the At the base of the salt layers, the gypsum bedrocks, irrigation period, the complex of applied which are completely undifferentiated into genetic meliorative measures, the intensity of farming, etc. layers, begin. From the top of the section, the bedrock has rust and bluish stains, which increase According to the researches of M.A. Pankov [2, 84- in quantity downwards. The amount and 85 p] in 1949, the lower regions of the cone spread distribution of new saline wounds depends on the and its flanks, as well as the lake-proluvial plain, mechanical composition, the water properties of meadow scarp, swamp scarp, soft and rough scarp the subsoil and the regime of seepage. A large and sand complexes . Soft sedges, like all other amount of salts, often accumulated at the junction sedges, are characterized by a soil cross section of layers with different mechanical composition, that is not stratified into genetic strata. The broken capillary paths. uppermost layer of the section is a soft, soft salt layer, its thickness is 1-10 cm and more. This layer In the researches, they were analyzed as simple consists of small crystal