STRENGTHENING THE MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL BASE OF AGRICULTURE

Аннотация

This article focuses on the strengthening of the material and technical base of agriculture, the economic aspect of agricultural development. Key words: Agriculture, Collective farms, Administrative management, industrialization- agriculture. УКРЕПЛЕНИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ БАЗЫ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА Аннотация. В данной статье основное внимание уделяется укреплению материально-технической базы сельского хозяйства, экономическому аспекту развития сельского хозяйства. Ключевые слова: Сельское хозяйство, Колхозы, Административное управление, индустриализация-сельское хозяйство. In the late 1950s, five-year planning was switched to seven-year planning (1959-1965). Since that time, the process of squeezing economic incentives for agricultural development by administrative force began. Initially, the state allocated huge funds for strengthening the material and technical base of agriculture. It should be recognized that the funds spent on agriculture in Karakalpakstan helped to provide water for the republic's cotton farming and develop reserve lands for rice cultivation. However, in allocating funds for agriculture, especially in the 1960s, factors such as the development of state and collective farms, reorganization of MTS, increase in the prices of agricultural machinery, its parts, feed products and mineral fertilizers were not taken into account. For example, in 1959 MTSs were changed to repair tractor stations (TTS). The equipment was sold by the collective farm. But the decision in this regard was unsuccessful, moreover, in many cases it damaged the economy of collective farms. Because it was not possible to pay the price of TTS equipment in installments or buy it for the nation. As of July 1, 1958, their prices were increased by 1.5-2 times on average. Equipment had to be purchased at fairly high prices. In collective farms, there were cases of insufficient funds, exceeding the costs of using equipment. After the transformation of MTSs, their costs for providing equipment, using and training specialists in this field have increased. All this had a negative impact on the production of state and collective farms. Their financial situation worsened. Moreover, these factors, which require the most attention, have seriously changed the existing conditions in state and collective farms. The production costs of these farms have increased. In 1961, a number of specific measures were implemented to improve the economic and financial situation of state and collective farms. Agricultural machinery and their spare parts, fuel and vehicles were reduced by an average of 40 percent for collective farms. In March 1962, the purchase prices of milk and dairy products, cattle and poultry were increased by an average of 35%. The government authorized the Councils of Ministers of the Union Republics to delay payments for the purchase of MTS equipment by collective farms. 1 06 4 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2024 VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ The measures taken have significantly improved the condition of farms and strengthened their material and technical base. But even so, these measures could not be considered sufficient to fulfill the tasks set in the program of production of state and collective farms. For example, during the reorganization of the farm management apparatus, the machine tractor stations (MTS) were abolished, all the equipment in them had to be purchased by collective farms. According to those in the government, this would increase the efficiency of the use of machinery and the quality of tillage. However, the activities carried out in accordance with the tasks specified in the decision caused a lot of losses - collective farms were forced to buy equipment at high prices within a year, and in the case of increased purchase prices, it was not possible for collective farms to find funds for the immediate purchase of MTS equipment. The termination of MTSs led to the destruction and liquidation of many collective farms. Another negative consequence was the loss of cleaners and repairmen who were previously under the care of MTS. Officially, they were supposed to go to collective farms, but this required them to go to a working day, which was much lower than the wages they received before, so some of them went to urban and district centers. The attitude towards the equipment has also changed, because the collective farms, as a rule, did not have parks to store the equipment in the winter, and the level of technical culture of the members of the collective farms was still very low. In addition, the equipment route from fields to fields is long, fuel costs have increased, and due to poor roads, there have been frequent breakdowns. In order to industrialize agriculture, collective farms were enlarged (as a result, their number was halved), and collective farms were massively transformed into state farms. In the same year, a certain part of the land