Образование неологизмов и их классификация

Аннотация

— Neologisms, or newly coined words and expressions, are a fundamental aspect of language evolution. This article explores the various processes through which neologisms are formed and proposes a comprehensive classification system for categorizing them. Each of these processes is defined and illustrated with examples. The article also discusses the motivations behind neologism creation, the role of technology and social media, and the criteria for neologism acceptance and longevity. The proposed classification system provides a framework for better understanding and researching neologisms from both linguistic and socio-cultural perspectives. Annotatsiya —Neologizmlar yoki yangi kiritilgan so'zlar va iboralar tilevolyutsiyasining asosiy jihati hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqola neologizmlar shakllanadigan turli jarayonlarni o'rganadi va ularni tasniflash uchun keng qamrovli tasniflash tizimini taklif qiladi. Ushbu jarayonlarning har biri aniqlangan va misollar bilan tasvirlangan. Maqolada, shuningdek, neologizmni yaratishmotivlari, texnologiya va ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning roli va neologizmni qabul qilish va uzoq umr ko'rish mezonlari muhokama qilinadi. Taklif etilayotgan tasniflash tizimi neologizmlarni lingvistik va ijtimoiy-madaniy nuqtai nazardan yaxshiroq tushunish va tadqiq qilish uchun asos yaratadi Аннотация — Неологизмы, или вновь появившиеся слова и выражения, являются фундаментальным аспектом эволюции языка. В этой статье рассматриваются различные процессы, посредством которых образуются неологизмы, и предлагается всеобъемлющая система классификации для их отнесения к определенной категории. Каждый из этих процессов определен и проиллюстрирован примерами. В статье также рассматриваются мотивы создания неологизмов, роль технологий и социальных сетей, а также критерии приемлемости и долговечности неологизмов. Предлагаемая система классификации обеспечивает основу для лучшего понимания и исследования неологизмов как с лингвистической, так и с социокультурной точек зрения Keywords — neologisms, word-formation, classification, lexical innovation, language change. 1. INTRODUCTION Language is a living, dynamic system that constantly evolves to meet the communicative needs of its speakers. One of the most visible manifestations of this evolution is the emergence of neologisms - new words, expressions, or existing words with new meanings that enter the lexicon of a language [1]. Neologisms serve various purposes, such as naming new concepts, objects, or phenomena; expressing ideas more concisely or vividly; or signaling group membership and identity [2].. 2. MAIN PART The study of neologisms is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of language change and the sociocultural factors that drive lexical innovation. However, the sheer variety and complexity of neologism formation processes pose challenges for their systematic analysis and classification. Existing taxonomies often focus on specific word-formation mechanisms or domains, lacking a comprehensive framework that encompasses the full range of neologism types [3]. This article aims to address this gap by proposing a unified classification system for neologisms based on their formation processes. Through a detailed examination of both well-established and emerging word-formation mechanisms, we seek to provide a robust framework for analyzing and categorizing neologisms across various linguistic and sociocultural contexts. Methods and literature review. Data collection.To develop a comprehensive classification of neologism formation processes, we conducted an extensive literature review spanning various subfields of linguistics, including morphology, lexicology, and sociolinguistics. We searched academic databases such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, and Linguistic and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) using keywords such as "neologism," "word-formation," "lexical innovation," and "language change." We also consulted reference works on English morphology and word-formation, such as Plag [4], Bauer [5], and Lieber [6]. In addition to the literature review, we collected a diverse sample of neologisms from various sources, including dictionaries of new words (e.g., Merriam-Webster's "Words We're Watching" [7]), online language resources (e.g., Urban Dictionary [8]), and www.samdchti.uz 182 RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR DAVRIDA TARJIMASHUNOSLIK VA LINGVISTIKA: ZAMONAVIY YONDASHUVLAR TADQIQI” nomli ilmiy maqolalar to‘plami May – 2024 social media platforms (e.g., Twitter, Reddit). This sample served to illustrate the different formation processes and validate the proposed classification system. Theoretical framework.Our analysis of neologism formation processes is grounded in the framework of morphological theory, which studies the internal structure of words and the rules governing their formation [9]. We draw on key concepts such as morphemes (the smallest meaningful units of language), affixation (the addition of prefixes or suffixes to a base), and compounding (the combination