Стратегии перевода лингвокультурных единиц

Аннотация

—Translation is a complex process, when it comes to translating linguocultural units, it can be a very demanding challenge. It requires a great depth of knowledge of understanding of both the source and target languages and cultures. Linguocultural units embracea wide range of expressions such as idioms, proverbs, metaphors, and culturally specific terms that carry not only linguistic meaning but also cultural value. These units often reflect the unique history, traditions, customs of a specific nation, and making them difficult to translate directly because of limited equivalence and may not have awareness in the target culture.This given article explores varying strategies for effectively translating linguocultural units and delves into methods such as translation by cultural substitution, paraphrase, cultural equivalent, and naturalization. By understanding and employing these strategies, translators can bridge cultural gaps and enhance cross-cultural communication. Keywords — linguocultural units, target audience, cultural identity, target language, source language, intended meaning, cultural context, equivalence, cultural substitution Абстракт — Перевод — это сложный процесс, особенно когда речь идет о переводе лингвокультурных единиц, это может быть очень сложной задачей. Это требует глубокого понимания как исходного, так и целевого языков и культур. Лингвокультурные единицы охватывают широкий спектр выражений, таких как идиомы, пословицы, метафоры и культурно специфические термины, которые несут не только лингвистическое значение, но и культурную ценность. Эти единицы часто отражают уникальную историю, традиции и обычаи конкретной нации, что делает их трудными для прямого перевода из-за ограниченного соответствия и, возможно, отсутствия понимания в целевой культуре. Данная статья исследует различные стратегии эффективного перевода лингвокультурных единиц и углубляется в методы, такие как перевод посредством культурной замены, парафразы, культурного эквивалента и натурализации. Понимая и применяя эти стратегии, переводчики могут преодолеть культурные разрывы и улучшить межкультурное общение. Ключевые слова — лингвокультурные единицы, целевая аудитория, культурная идентичность, целевой язык, исходный язык, предполагаемое значение, культурный контекст, эквивалентность, культурная замена. 1. INTRODUCTION Translation is a process that can link different cultures, help share ideas, broaden the mind and assist to create a friendly atmosphere all over the world. Linguocultural units are parts of language that represent the culture and identity of a linguistic community. Linguocultural units often include words, idioms, proverbs, phrases, metaphors, and culturally specific terms that play a key role in preserving the cultural identity, and history of the language community. This article focuses on analyzing translating strategies based on Baker’s and Newmark’s books. 2. MAIN PART According to Newmark, “the chief difficulties in translating lexical, not grammatical – i.e. words, collocations and fixed phrases or idioms; these include neologisms and ‘unfindable’ words, …”; “Difficulties with words are of two kinds: (a) you do not understand them; (b) you find them hard to translate” [Newmark,1988:32-33]. Newmark points that cultural words can be categorized into five types. Those categories are as following: 1.Ecology: flora, fauna, mountain, river, and natural conditions; 2.Material culture: a. Food: ‘sake’; b. Clothes: dhoti (India): c. Houses and towns: chalet; d. Transport: rickshaw, tilbury; 3.Social culture: music, games, dance; 4.Organizations, customs, activities, procedures, concepts; 5.Gestures and habits. Baker suggested examples of strategies used by professional translators for dealing with non-equivalence at word level. Non- equivalenceat word level means that the target language has no direct equivalent for a word which occurs in the source text. The type and level of difficulty posed can vary tremendously depending on the nature of equivalence. Different kinds of non- equivalence require different strategies, some very straightforward, others more involved and difficult to handle [Baker, 1992: 20]. Strategies used by professional translators www.samdchti.uz 111 RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR DAVRIDA TARJIMASHUNOSLIK VA LINGVISTIKA: ZAMONAVIY YONDASHUVLAR TADQIQI” nomli ilmiy maqolalar to‘plami May – 2024 1. Translation by more general word (superordinate): Baker stated that this is one of the commonest strategies for dealing with many types of non-equivalence, particularly in the area propositional meaning; e.g. Source text (Kolestral Super –leaflet accompanying hair conditioning product): Shampoo the hair with a mild WELLA-SHAMPOO and lightly towel dry.Target text (Spanish): Lavar el cabello con un champu suave de WELA y frotarligeramente con unatoalla. Wash hair with a mild WELLA shampoo and rub lightly with a towel. ‘shampooing’ can be seen as a type of ‘washing’ since its more restricted in its use: