Problems of non-equivalent words in uzbek-english translations

Аннотация

— This article is dedicated an interesting development in fiction, abetted by Modernism, was a shift from naturalistic to poetic writing. There was an increased tendency to select details and endow them with symbolic meaning, to set down the thought processes and emotions of the characters, and to make use of rhythmic prose. Keywords — cultural differences, semantic gaps, cultural realia, non-equivalence, alternatives for non-equivalent vocabulary, translation techniques. 1. INTRODUCTION Translating words without equivalents in the target language is a challenging task. It is crucial to accurately interpret such words to ensure they are conveyed correctly and comprehensibly. This article explores the perspectives of scholars on the broader issue of non-equivalent words from English to Uzbek, offering examples from both languages and insights from specific researchers. Misunderstandings often arise with words lacking direct equivalents, such as those related to food, clothing, culture, and tradition. Indeed, many of these words lack direct counterparts in the target language, necessitating careful editing and the search for suitable alternatives to fully grasp both languages. While some non-equivalent words have been translated into the target language, many others remain unrendered. Hence, this research paper highlights various methods and principles for transferring non-equivalent words from the source language to the target language. 2. MAIN PART This article describes effective rules for avoiding ambiguity. However, these rules and regulations are well known among translators and interpreters around the world and have the ability to follow the rules to understand the audience when interpreting or translating an event, but this is not sufficient to ensure clear communication around the world. It would be better if others at least have general information about non-equivalent rendering rules. Therefore, this article aims to explain and simplify the main difficulties and challenges of non-equivalent words. An universal feature of language materials is that they aim to describe worldviews of speakers of different languages. Therefore, presenting words of non-equivalence of different languages and recognizing their difficulties will help people all over the world to have pure communication and understand each other easily. Results and Discussion. Many researchers believe that in translation, the study of non-equivalent vocabulary is related to the concepts of "transferability" and "equivalence", the non-equivalent problem and the problem of vocabulary translation, that is, the object or phenomenon of translation. Classification of non-equivalent vocabulary can be done based on genetic characteristics: -Words of life (all neologisms) -Names of traditional life objects and phenomena. -Historicism -Dictionary of phrases -Folk vocabulary -Colloquial/Youth language, crime language, military language, professional language Colloquial language -Sociopolitical Vocabulary -Reduction of colloquial vocabulary. The most common types of non-equivalence problems and difficulties for translators, and proven strategies for dealing with them, are categorized into several elements. -A word of warning -Additional linguistics. The problem of non-equivalence has attracted the attention of many researchers. Jacobson argues that “there is ordinarily no full equivalence between code units”. Jacobson also clarifies the contrasts between structures, phrasing, linguistic use and lexical shapes of languages are the most reasons of non-equivalence. Jacobson states that “equivalence in difference is the cardinal problem of language and the pivotal concern of linguistics” [1, 252]. www.samdchti.uz 73 RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR DAVRIDA TARJIMASHUNOSLIK VA LINGVISTIKA: ZAMONAVIY YONDASHUVLAR TADQIQI” nomli ilmiy maqolalar to‘plami May – 2024 As researchers (I.M. Vereshagin, V.G.Kostomarov, etc.) have shown, in order to establish the availability of national cultural characteristics of the meaning of words, it is necessary to compare the semantics of words in two languages (or several) Comparative linguistic research has shown that cultural differences between countries occur particularly at the level of lexical expression. A.O. Ivanov classifies the entire non-equivalent vocabulary into three major groups: 1. Indicative non-equivalence involving terms, individuals (authors), neologisms, semantic gaps, words with broad semantics, and complex words; 2. Pragmatic non-equivalence, integrative anomalies, foreign inclusions, abbreviations, words with subjective expansion suffixes, interjections, sound imitations and associative gaps; 3. Alternative non-equivalent vocabulary including proper nouns, distribution, realism and usage. Non-equivalence occurs at the word level. This means that there is no word in the target language (TL) that directly corresponds to a word that appears in the source language. There are possible problems that can result in no