SOCIO-POLITICAL VIEWS IN AHMAD DONISH'S "HISTORY OF THE MANGIT DYNASTY"

Аннотация

In this article, the author explores the socio-political views in the historical work of Ahmad Donish “History of the Mangyt Dynasty”, the range of problems and current issues. Two works by Ahmad Donish are devoted mainly to problems of history and public administration. This is, first of all, “Nawadir-ul-Waqe”, which is the main and most important part of the “Political Treatise”, and “it ranks first both in the time of its creation and in its significance.” Key words: dynasty, social status, political system, description, analysis, mangyts, historical work. СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ВЗГЛЯДЫ В «ИСТОРИИ ДИНАСТИИ МАНГИТА» АХМАДА ДОНИША Аннотация. В данной статье автор исследует общественно-политические взгляды в историческом труде Ахмада Дониша «История династии Мангыт», круг проблем и актуальные вопросы. Две работы Ахмада Дониша посвящены преимущественно проблемам истории и государственного управления. Это, прежде всего, «Навадир-уль- Ваке», который является главной и важнейшей частью «Политического трактата» и «он занимает первое место как по времени своего создания, так и по своему значению». Ключевые слова: династия, социальный статус, политическая система, описание, анализ, мангыты, исторический труд. Currently, in the Bukhara State Museum-Reserve, Ahmad Donish's draft and original copy of "Mukhtasare az tarikhi sultanati khandano mangitiya" (written in the last years of his life) and "Navodirul waqoe" written by his own hand (i.e. the first book of 1880) is preserved. The work "Mukhtasare az tarikhi sultanati khanadoni mangitiya" dedicated to the history of Bukhara emirs (the book is also called "Risela" and "Tarikhcha") begins with the description of the planets, and in the following places Bukhara mangit management and military policy of the emirs, dedicated to memories of a trip to Russia. The original copy of this work kept in the Bukhara Museum has its own history. On September 26, 1959, this book was accepted into the oriental manuscripts fund of the museum by Ahmed Kasimzada, an employee of the Bukhara Museum. Muhiddinov from Bukhara gave the book to the museum. And the book was a souvenir from his grandfather Qazi Saidahmadi Bukhari. This can be seen from the two seals on the last pages of the book. At one time, Ahmadi was a close friend of Porina. In this regard, the author presented his work to the judge. The book consists of 48 pages and is written in the "shikasta" type of the nastalyq letter. The name of the work and the time of writing are not written anywhere. But in other excerpts, this work is given the above title. Ahmed Donish's philosophical analysis of state management and political government affairs has kept up with the times and has not lost its relevance to this day. For example, Donish described Amir Daniyol in his pamphlet "A Brief History of Bukhara Mangites": "In the last years 6 46 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2024 VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ of his reign, he distanced himself from state affairs and gave power to his sons so that they would not observe that he was conducting his administration based on Sharia laws. and distributed to regional governors. Amir Daniel's sons betrayed him. "Also, the never-ending disparate taxes naturally fell on the ordinary, hardworking people," he tries to show the basis of the state's decline. However, it should also be noted that Ahmad Donish did not live in the time of Amir Daniyal, so he obtained this information from the works of historians and thinkers who lived before him. In addition, Ahmad Donish gave information about Amir Shahmurad in the introduction of this work and said, "Renovators of religion come to the world every millennium and centenary. During the renewal period of the religion every hundred years, the first fifty years will be a rapid development and the religion will be strengthened. In the remaining fifty years, there will be a retreat from religion. Therefore, the renovator of this twelfth century is Amir Ma'sum - Amir Shahmurad. At the same time, in the history of Movarounnahr, starting from Amir Temur, he mentions the names of "renovators of religion" every hundred years. Ahmad Donish, in his pamphlet "Brief History of Bukhara Mangites", critically covered the political processes during the era of Emir Muzaffar and revealed the chaos in the country's administrative management. For example, people named Sherali, Yaqub, Muhammadshah, Durbin, Salimbiy, Barotbek, who studied with the emir, organized their own groups and occupied high positions in the Bukhara Emirate, where they rose to power. regretfully reports that lawlessness and violence have escalated in the country and caused the discontent of the people. Ahmed Donish admitted that during the reign of Emir Muzaffar, who took the throne of Bukhara from Karmana, oppression in the country increased, farmers were taxed heavily, and no one heard the people's complaints, which is why the decline of the