EDUCATIONAL IDEAS AND SOCIAL VIEWS OF AHMAD DONISH

Аннотация

In this article, the author analyzes the contribution of Ahmad Donish in describing the socio-political system in the Bukhara Emirate in the historical work of Ahmad Donish “History of the Mangyt Dynasty”, the range of problems and current issues. Two works by Ahmad Donish are devoted mainly to problems of history and public administration. The main factors in the formation of educational and realistic prose, as well as the influence of political and educational ideas of the 19th and early 20th centuries on the formation and development of artistic prose in Eastern literature are also explored. Key words: dynasty, social status, political system, description, analysis, mangyts, historical work ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ИДЕИ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ВЗГЛЯДЫ АХМАДА ДОНИША Аннотация. В данной статье автор анализирует вклад Ахмада Дониша в описании общественно-политического строя в Бухарском эмирате в историческом труде Ахмада Дониша «История династии Мангыт», круг проблем и актуальных вопросов. Две работы Ахмада Дониша посвящены преимущественно проблемам истории и государственного управления. Также исследуются основные факторы формирования учебной и реалистической прозы, а также влияние политических и просветительских идей XIX - начала XX веков на формирование и развитие художественной прозы в восточной литературе. Ключевые слова: династия, социальный статус, политическая система, описание, анализ, мангыты, исторический труд. "Taj-at tawarikh" by Muhammad Sharif bin Naql on the history of the rulers of Mang'it, "Futhot-i amir Shah Murad dar Iron" by Muhammad Sadiq Munshi Bukhari, who was a court poet and historian during the reign of Amir Haidar, "Zafarnomai" by an unknown author. Khusravi", unlike Mir Olim Bukhari's "Fathnomai Sultani", Ahmed Donish's "Brief History of Bukhara Mangits" is a sharp difference from the works written with the aim of receiving praise and emir's award, which are present in almost all the works of that time. did Ahmad Donish is a scientist and thinker who created on the threshold of the 19th and 20th centuries. He actively contributed to the development of Eastern historical-philosophical thinking. He left behind a rich scientific and literary heritage - naturalistic, philosophical and historical works. For Ahmad Donish, the founder of the enlightenment (modernism) movement in Turkestan, the conquest of Central Asia by the Russian Empire, the clash of civilizations is an impetus for the realization of the pains and problems of his country, and the emergence of the idea of self-realization. . He was one of the first to realize how much the emirate lags behind Russia and European countries. He considered the reason for the backwardness to be the obvious ignorance of the officials and state leaders, as well as the improper implementation of the education 6 42 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2024 VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ and training system. He angrily writes that intelligent thoughts do not reach the ears and that they are engaged in only four things: eating and drinking, littering, collecting and riding a horse ("from khordan, ridan, jamaa kardan and asp davandan" Among the works mentioned above, Donish's "Brief History of the Bukhara Emirs" is undoubtedly the most prominent and significant. (1885- 1910) the beginning of the reign, that is, the events that happened before the author's eyes and he was a witness 'focused. "Brief History of Bukhara Mangit Amirs" became known much later than the time it was written. Now it is difficult to say how familiar this work was to the author's contemporaries, because for a long time there was no mention of this work. It is not shown in any of the tazkiras. Even though S. Ayni was personally acquainted with Ahmed Donish and considered himself his student, he does not mention this work anywhere. Only in 1936, E. Ye. Bertels reported for the first time that he managed to find the manuscript of A. Donish's hitherto unknown work. Bertels called it "Treatise" ("Trisol") and gave a brief summary of it in his work. In 1946, S.U. Ulugzada briefly described the content of this work in his research. The scientific community is familiar with some works of Donish's work, and as a result of scientists' research, a number of manuscripts belonging to Donish's pen were found. In 1959, the first printed edition of Donish's work prepared by R. Hodizoda in new Tajik graphics was published with a number of abbreviations. It should be noted that the title "Risola or a brief history of the Bukhara mangit emirs" is conditional. In the tazkiras and poems of Donish's contemporaries or those who lived after him, only Donish's poetic works and his famous "Navodir ul-wakoe" are mentioned, but as noted above, no information is given about "The Treatise". E. Ye. Bertels, who made a great contribution to the discovery of this work, calls it "Biography of the Holy Bukhara Emirs" and comments: "I think that this title was added later