Mythological units in english fiction and the issues of translating them into uzbek

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the application of mythological units in English literary texts and the problems of translation of myths in Uzbek language. The connection between myth and literature is one of mutual dependence, as myth is integral element of literature, as a result while translating literary works it can be found mythologemes as well and their translation should be adequate to the source language. Translation is briefly definedas the result of linguistic-textual operation in which a text in one language is re-contextualized in another language. As a linguistic-operation, translation is however, subject to and substantially influenced by a variety of extra-linguistic factors and conditions. Key words: myth, mythology, culture, literary translation, untranslatability One of the everlasting mysteries of translation is transplant of the source values to the target culture. It becomes possible in the course of creative efforts of the Translator who surmounts challenges of the untranslatable. Mythology has been always placed among those challenges and never is entropy so intensive as in texts associated with mythological images and ideas. On the one hand, it may seem easy to transliterate or loan mythic names and thus introduce them into the target cultural use. But the borrowed signs turn out to be malicious shape-shifters and begin to live on their own in the foreign environment. Literary translation focuses on the artistic value of the original text. In this case, GAYBULLA SALOMOV AND UZBEK SCHOOL OF TRANSLATION 13 dekabr translation becomes an artistic activity. Thus, the translation of a literary text or a poem is very different from the translation of a scientific text because the creative element is an essential thing in the translation of a poem but it is not in the scientific text. Willis (1996) proposes that the most creative translator is the one who possesses a creative mind which is part of the translator’s intelligence. Thus, translation creativity is more prominent in literary translation than any other text type especially poetry which is considered as being a treasure of figurative, rhetorical and aesthetic language which is highly and intricately sensitive, effective and rich with all kinds of implications, associations, connotations and emotions. So, the translator of literary texts is free, more creative and less direct when he tends to translate literature in general and poetry in specific. Hence, the literary approach emphasizes on the talent of enriching a text when translating it which needs the mastering of different skills starting by the reading skill passing by the understanding of the text and ending by the linguistic talent. Literature is representative of a nation’s culture and, it is the culture that determines the motifs and beliefs behind the literature and myth of a society. Due to the vast scope of differences between cultures, there are barriers and problems during the process of translation that some of them may even lead to untranslatability. In translating myth works, especially English myth, motifs, and cultural issues are very different from their Uzbek counterparts. Accordingly, it is appropriate to study the historical roots of mythological images, to make a comparative analysis of their mythological and historical features on the basis of folklore and written sources so that sometimes translation of mythologemes is sometimes is becomes a problem, and translators tries to find equivalent for this units. For example, in English culture has some specific characters such as, “fairy”, “gnome” and “redcap”. Their translation in Uzbek language “pari”, “gnom” and “redcap”. This mythological units are unfamiliarfor the Uzbek culture so in translation of myth-based texts translators gives definition of this images. In literature, the diversity of meaning or the lack of exact correlation and figurative means make the task of literary translation significant. Thus, this kind of GAYBULLA SALOMOV AND UZBEK SCHOOL OF TRANSLATION 13 dekabr translation is recognized as a dynamic and problematic process of translation in culture-bound discourse that needs attention both in linguistic and cultural aspects. During translating a literary work, some factors cause to misinterpret of the authors or devalue their literary works; such as lack of adequate knowledge and prejudice of translators. A literary translator should know both source language and culture and also target language and culture completely. As Larsen (1998), stated that two criteria are necessary to produce a good translation: an adequate knowledge of the source language (ST) and an adequate command of the language into which one is translating that is target language (TL). The translation is inevitable to communicate inter-culturally and inter- lingually. Newmark (1988), defined culture as the way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of express