SURVEY AND RECONSTRUCTION OF LOW-RISE REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGS

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION Technical inspection is a process that includes control, testing, analysis and evaluation of building structures and structures. The main purpose of the technical inspection of structures of buildings and structures is to determine the current technical condition, identify the degree of physical wear and tear, defects, and determine the operational qualities of structures; predicting their behavior in the future [1]. Inspection of the technical condition of building structures is an independent area of construction activity, covering a range of issues related to ensuring the operational reliability of buildings, carrying out repair and restoration work, as well as developing design documentation for the reconstruction of buildings and structures. The volume of surveys of buildings and structures is increasing every year, which is a consequence of a number of factors: their physical and moral deterioration, re-equipment and reconstruction of industrial buildings of industrial enterprises, reconstruction of low-rise old buildings, changes in forms of ownership and a sharp increase in prices for real estate, land plots, etc. It is especially important to carry out surveys during the reconstruction of old buildings and structures, https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet 12 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ISSN – 2689-0984) VOLUME 06 ISSUE05 which is often associated with changes in existing loads, changes in structural schemes and the need to take into account modern building design standards. During the operation of buildings, due to various reasons, physical wear and tear of building structures occurs, a decrease and loss of their load-bearing capacity, and deformation of both individual elements and the building as a whole. To develop measures to restore the operational qualities of structures, it is necessary to conduct their examination in order to identify the causes of premature wear and decrease in their load-bearing capacity [2]. It is obvious that the inspection of buildings and structures should be carried out by specialized organizations and specialists with knowledge in various fields of construction science, as well as knowledge of the features of technological processes in industrial buildings. Inspection of buildings is carried out in order to determine their suitability for normal operation or the need for repair, restoration, strengthening or restrictions in operation, both individual structures and buildings as a whole. The general purpose of surveying the technical condition of building structures is to identify the degree of physical wear and tear, the reasons causing their condition, the actual performance of structures and the development of measures to ensure their performance [3]. Inspections are carried out during the reconstruction or restoration of buildings, during a long break (more than one year) in the construction of buildings, when defects and damage are detected in structures, during accidents, as well as when the loads or functional purpose of the building change. Inspection of structures in order to determine the technical condition and residual life of chemical enterprises is carried out in the following cases [1, 4]: − detection of defects and damage (category “A”) during periodic and extraordinary inspections; − after fires and natural disasters; − after an accident in a workshop or in workshops of similar industries; − as prescribed by the Gosgortekhnadzor authorities; − when production technology changes or its conservation; − the need to have a conclusion on the condition of industrial buildings and structures in order for an organization to obtain a license to operate production facilities and facilities; − expiration of inspection periods or standard operating periods; − when the owner changes; − when insuring an organization; − to determine the economic feasibility of repair or reconstruction; − with an increase in normalized natural and climatic influences (seismic, snow, wind influences). Main part After checking the technical condition of the building, based on the results obtained, a recalculation was made from the LIRA SAPR 2021 program. After checking the technical condition of the building, the following was established: Characteristics of the building. The building of the retail and household complex was designed taking into account the customer’s https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet 13 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ISSN – 2689-0984) VOLUME 06 ISSUE05 requirements and has a rectangular plan with dimensions in the axes of 40.6x24 m, divided into 3 blocks. The dimensions of the first block in axes are 9.6x24m, the second block is 24x24m, the third block is 6x24m which has a rectangular shape with a protruding facade of the front part in the shape of an arc. The building has a 2.4m high ground floor. There is a second light in the central 2nd block