TYPES OF CHILDREN'S ACTIVITIES AND GENERAL TECHNOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THEIR ORGANIZATION

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION then to managing the activities of students. As the basis of a healthy existence, activity is the most important source of enriching students with An activity always has a task structure. Any kind of the experience of social relations and social it is a creative process in which activity, behavior. Activity is understood as the internal independence, personal freedom and individual (mental) and external (physical) activity of a uniqueness of the personality are manifested. person, regulated by a conscious goal. Whatever Ultimately, the activity is aimed at transforming the the level of awareness of the activity, awareness of surrounding reality. the goal always remains its necessary feature. In The initial form of such transformation is labor. All cases where this feature is absent, there is no types of material and spiritual activities are activity in the human sense of the word, but independent of labor and carry its main feature — impulsive behavior takes place (L.D. Itelson). the creative transformation of the surrounding Every activity consists of operations and actions. world. By transforming nature, man transforms Operations are processes whose goals are not in himself. The latter is important for understanding themselves, but in the action of which they are an the mechanisms of self-education by engaging in element. activities, the pupil forms himself as a person, as a Actions are processes whose motives are in the subject of his general and professional activity they are part of. The essence of the development. technology of the pedagogical process is precisely V.V.Davydov notes that an important feature of the that the teacher makes the transition from activity is that it always has an explicit or implicit managing operations to managing actions, and subject character. All its components have one or https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajssei 214 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2689-0811) VOLUME 06 ISSUE05 another subject content, and the activity itself is • communicative activity carried out as a student's aimed at the creative creation of a certain material leisure, when his communication is freed from the or spiritual product. Depending on the specifics of objective goal and when the content and purpose of the activity, subject-object or subject-subject his activity is communication with another person relations prevail in it. The variety of subjects of as a value. In different periods of age development, activity determines its specific diversity. the content of schoolchildren's activities and the ratio of its various types change, the appearance of Based on the morphological analysis of human mental neoplasms is due to the nature of the leading activity conducted by M. S. Kagan, N.E.Shchurkova, activity for a particular age. a detailed classification of children's developmental activities is proposed: At the same time, at all age stages, it is necessary to strive for a reasonable combination of all types of • cognitive activity that expands the horizons of activities. In order to master the achievements of the student, introduces him to reading, develops human culture, A.N. Leontiev noted, each new curiosity, forms the need for education, promotes generation must carry out activities similar intellectual development and mastery of scientific (although not identical) to the one behind these knowledge; achievements. Russian pedagogy has discovered a • labor activity aimed at creating, preserving, and number of patterns that determine the organization multiplying material values in the form of self- of students' activities during the implementation of serving, socially useful and productive labor, the pedagogical process. All types of activities with combining selfless and paid work and thereby public goals have the potential to have certain forming a respectful attitude towards material developmental and educational opportunities. values as a means of human existence; However, each such activity contains all the • artistic activity that develops an aesthetic necessary components for the assimilation of only worldview, the need for beauty, the ability to relevant knowledge and experiences. One activity artistic thinking and subtle emotional cannot replace another, much less all the others. relationships that stimulate the student's artistic Therefore, when organizing the pedagogical activity; process, it is advisable to use a set of activities. Even an activity that is objectively valuable to society • sports activities that cultivate a healthy lifestyle, may not have a positive effect on pupils if it does not form strength, endurance, plasticity and beauty of have a "personal meaning" for them (A. N. the human body, combined with the cultivation of Leontiev). high hygiene of life; A social attitude only reveals itself to a person, • social activities that contribute to the becomes his personal attitude, when the me