HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE OF IRAQ- IRAN RELATIONS

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION power vacuum after the overthrow of Saddam However, the US presence in Iraq has also raised Hussein. serious security concerns for Iran. As we mentioned above, the most painful point of Iraq’s relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iran-Iraq relations is the issue of water resources which has the longest land border, have changed use. It is known that the Middle East region is a from the past to the present, sometimes on the axis region of the world with low rainfall and low of common interests, and sometimes on the axis of reserves of clean drinking water. Therefore, the conflicting interests. These countries, which have issue of transboundary rivers is vital in relations the most underground and surface resources of the between states. At different times of the 20th world, have occasionally “hosted” the conflicts of century, there have been conflicts between Iraq interests of the global “power centers”. and Iran over “Shatt ul-Arab”, the confluence of the In the scientific analysis of the relations between Tigris and Euphrates rivers. If we look at the these two countries, it will be necessary to pay history of problems related to “Shatt-ul-Arab”, it attention to the issues related to the use of can be seen that it caused border disputes in religious, ethnic, territorial and transboundary Persian-Babylonian, Semitic-Indian-European, rivers. Sunni-Shia, Ottoman-Iranian relations . Diplomatic Although relations between Iraq and Iran date back relations between Iraq and Iran were established to ancient times, today’s relations between the two in 1929. countries and the changes that have resulted from The Main Findings and Results them mainly occurred after the Iran-Iraq War of Although the “Algeria Agreement” signed between 1980-1988 and the fall of Saddam's regime in 2003. the two countries in March 1975 solved many With a land border of more than 1,000 km, these problems, especially the Kurdish problem and the two countries share many common values and water problem, Saddam Hussein, who succeeded interests, as do their borders. Seen as a hostile Hassan al-Bakr in 1979, claimed that the regime for Iran, it provided commercial, political agreement was signed under mandatory and even military aid to Iraq, which was left with a https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajpslc 46 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY (ISSN- 2693-0803) VOLUME 06 ISSUE05 conditions. Taking advantage of the political chaos geography throughout history, there are religious, that occurred in Iran as a result of the “Islamic sectarian and political divisions within them. In Revolution” in Iran in 1979 and the subsequent particular, it is impossible to reveal the sectarian departure of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, on and religious division of the Kurds in Iran with September 18, 1980, he announced that he would exact figures. According to some data, 66% of not unilaterally recognize the “Algeria Treaty” . Iranian Kurds are Sunni Muslims, and 27% are With this, Saddam Hussein evaluated the political Shiite Muslims. Also, about 6% are representatives instability in neighboring Iran as a political of Ahli al-Haq religious doctrine. There were opportunity and planned to take full control of political and social reasons why Kurdish Shatt-ul-Arab. However, the Iraq-Iran war, which nationalism in Iran weakened after the fall of the ended in 1988, resulted in the death of hundreds of beloved Kurdish state. Kurdish nationalism was thousands of civilians and the displacement of seen as a threat not only by the government, but more than a million people, in addition to material also by the landowners who owned three-quarters losses for both countries. of the land inhabited by Iranian Kurds. In the late 1960s, the Kurdish movement gained strength As mentioned above, another controversial part of again in Iran. The branch regime of Iran established the relations between Irov and Iran is the ethnic close relations with the leader of the Iraqi Kurdish issue, to be more precise, the issue of the Kurds. movement, Mustafa Barzani, and kept the activities According to statistics, about 40 million Kurdish of the Iranian Kurdish separatist movement under people live in the region. They are 15 million in control. Mustafa Barzani received money, weapons Turkey, 10 million in Iran, 8 million in Iraq and 4 and ammunition from the Shah, as well as secret million in Syria. It can be seen that the Kurds are an information about the location and movements of ethnic minority in these countries. This has led to Iraqi army units, and in return cooperated with the several social and political problems. It is known Shah against the Iranian Kurds. In other words, from history that at the end of the Second World while the Shah supported Barzani's official anti- War, the Kurds of Iraq and Iran took great political Baghdad movement, with his help he crushed the steps to establish their independent statehood. In Ku