Сапролегниоз рыб (дерматомикоз) лечение и меры профилактики

Аннотация

The article studied the epizootic course of the disease of fish with saprolegniosis (dermatomycosis) and explained that it was determined on the basis of clinical signs, pathological changes and bacteriological examination. In addition, it is emphasized that in the fight against this disease, preventive measures should be taken on the basis of veterinary and sanitary rules to prevent the death of fish. Keywords: fish, water body, pathogen, Saprolegnia, suslo agar saprolegniosis, dermatomycosis, ichthyopathology, fungus, disease. Relevance of the topic: Wide-scale reforms have been implemented in all areas of agriculture of our country, especially in the fishing sector, and a number of decisions and assignments of the head of our state serve to a certain extent in the implementation of the specified tasks in the fishing sector. The fishing network is one of the strategic areas of ensuring food security. But in the development of fisheries, the occurrence of fish diseases is hindering the development of the sector. In particular, fish saprolegniosis (dermatomycosis) causes great economic damage to fisheries. Saprolegniosis (dermatomycosis) is a disease caused by fungi, the causative agent of which is Saprolegnia. caused by fungi that have settled in the body or internal organs of fish. In some cases, fungi develop very quickly, like lightning. Fungal diseases are mainly found in neglected water bodies. The disease is manifested by the appearance of white threads on the body, fins and wounds of the fish, and then with characteristic clinical symptoms that cover a large part of the skin of the fish like cotton. The purpose of the study. Diagnosing Saprolegniosis (dermatomycosis) in fish, taking measures for their treatment and prevention, and providing practical assistance to fish farms in preventing various fish diseases. Research materials and methods. Our researches were carried out in some fisheries water basins, and laboratory testing procedures were carried out in the Laboratory of Poultry, Rabbit, Fish and Bee Diseases of VITI. It was found that there are cases of disease and death among the fish kept in some private households belonging to the fisheries of Payariq and Kattakurgan districts. It was found that 5 types of fish (carp, carp, white carp, white carp, African carp) are kept in these fisheries. It turned out that the disease occurs only in carp and white bream. During our observations, clinical signs such as the presence of thin thready white spots on the body of the fish, and the presence of white cotton- Published by inter-publishing.com | All rights reserved. © 2023 Page 67 Journal Homepage: https://inter-publishing.com/index.php/ AJSLD American Journal of Science and Learning for Development Volume 2, No 5| For more information contact: mailto:editor@inter-publishing.com May - 2023 like spots on the part of the body near the injury were detected, and primary fungal disease was suspected. Appearance of fish infected with saprolegniosis (dermatomycosis) in 1-2 ponds and aquariums Then, 10 live diseased fish weighing between 850 grams and 1 kg were taken from this reservoir, filled with water from this reservoir, and brought to the laboratory. These imported fish samples were subjected to bacteriological examination following aseptic-antiseptic rules. Initially, when the fish were examined pathologically, the blood vessels were hyperemic, filled with fungal hyphae, the blood vessels in the respiratory layers were tubular-like, and their walls and epithelial tissue were ruptured. The tissue of parenchymatous organs is filled with blood, the layer of fat and glycogen is thin. After that, for bacteriological examination of these fish, pathological samples (skin scrapings, fins, wounds) were taken, and inoculations were planted in Glucose Saburo medium and placed in a thermostat of 25-30 0C for growth. Planted seedlings grew as white fluffy colonies composed of elastic undivided hyphae. In order to determine the type of causative agent, thin smears were prepared from them on sterile, degreased glass slides, stained by the Gram method and subjected to microscopy. For this purpose, a sterile physiological solution was dripped onto the glass of the object, a fungal colony was removed with a bacteriological hook and mixed with a light movement, then fixed. A 40% aqueous solution of glycerol or a liquid consisting of 1 l of 0.85% sodium chloride solution and 0.5 l of glycerol was used as a preservative, which was titrated to rN 8.0 with 20% sodium phosphate solution and sterilized in an autoclave at 112 °C for 10 minutes. . In bacteriological examination, isolation of pure culture of microbes, study of their morphocultural, biochemical characteristics, determination of virulence and sensitivity to antibiotics, and accurate diagnosis of the disease became the basis. A reliable diagnostic method in fish mycoses is microscopic examination of the pathological material. A 50% aqueous solution of glycerin, 0.