Структура детской офтальмопатологии в Узбекистане

Аннотация

Purpose. This study analyzes the structure of eye diseases in children of different age groups based on the materials of the ophthalmology department of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute (TPMI) clinic for 2018—2021. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of statistical coupons was conducted, which included the medical records of 5613 patients of the ophthalmology department of the TPMI clinic. Results. In the age structure of ophthalmopathology in children who received inpatient treatment at the TPMI clinic in 2018—2021, children aged 5 to 14 years (49.5%) and 1 to 5 years (30.7%) were significantly predominant. The proportion of patients under 1 year old was 11.2% and from 14 to 18 years old — 7.5%. Congenital glaucoma (41%) and lens diseases (30.4%) are characteristic of infants (from 0 to 1 year old); in patients aged 1 to 5 years, lens pathology (37%), congenital glaucoma (25.2%), and injuries (24.7%) were more common; in children aged 5 to 14 years, the pathology of the oculomotor apparatus (32%) and injuries (27.7%) prevailed; in the age group from 14 to 18 years, lens diseases (28.4%) and injuries of the organ of vision (28.1%) were detected more often. Conclusions. The revealed age aspects of nosologies are due to the timing of clinical manifestations of the pathology, late seeking ophthalmic care of parents, presence of a concomitant pathology in the child, which prevents surgical treatment. The results of the study will help optimize planned and emergency ophthalmological care for children in the regions of the republic.