Kallus to’qima va uning xususiyatlari

Аннотация

The article begins by defining agro-industrial clusters as geographically proximate groups of interconnected firms and institutions in the agriculture and food processing sectors. It examines how these clusters facilitate knowledge sharing, technology transfer, and resource pooling among participants, leading to enhanced productivity, competitiveness, and market access. Moreover, the article discusses the role of supportive policies, infrastructure, and institutions in nurturing and sustaining agro-industrial clusters. Furthermore, the article analyzes the impact of agro-industrial clusters on local and regional development, including job creation, income generation, and rural revitalization. It explores the linkages between agro-industrial clusters and broader innovation ecosystems, highlighting their contribution to research and development, entrepreneurship, and value chain integration. Additionally, the article discusses challenges and opportunities associated with building and scaling agro-industrial clusters, such as financing, governance, and stakeholder coordination. Key words: clusters, innovative development, agriculture. The development of agriculture has seen a sharp rise on the global economic stage in recent years, indicating an increased significance of agriculture in the world economy. Therefore, studying and analyzing the key factors of agricultural production, such as land, water, labor resources, and their unique characteristics, as well as developing and developing countries, is important and necessary. At present, Uzbekistan is facing a pressing issue of promoting innovative economic development and overall country development. A crucial aspect of creating an innovative economy at the regional level is the formation of a cluster development model. The current state of affairs in the country's scientific and innovative sphere does not meet the needs of the main directions of state policy in attracting the results of scientific and technical activities. The existing situation requires the creation of new approaches to the development of scientific and technological achievements. The experience of cluster formation in foreign countries allows identifying the following directions: the first direction is based on the Italian model (industrial districts), which are internal clusters focused on a strong concentration of small enterprises in exports, and their market activity is supported by internal or informal communities. The second direction is based on the model of industrial clusters, which are concentric circles with a centralized management system (organizations with centralized management). Scientific laboratories, research centers, and higher education institutions operate in such industrial clusters. Such approaches to cluster formation are actively used in Japan, South Korea, Germany, and France. They have a high level of cooperation in international markets and developed internal formal and informal connections. It is worth noting that the lack of organization of innovative activities and effective connections is the main aspect of cluster formation under this model. Each cluster participant ensures effective interaction with the system's management apparatus, which is the basis for ensuring mutual integration. This approach to cluster formation 577