Problems and prospects for processing secondary material resources in the textile industry

Аннотация

based on the effective use of secondary material resources in the sewing and knitting industry, obtaining high-quality threads and fabrics intended for special clothes, determining the efficiency of fabric production from a mixture of different composition and processed fibers Key words: low-waste technologies, household secondary material resources, textile production, spinning technology, nonwoven materials, spinning industry Special equipment is used in the processing of secondary material resources in the clothing and knitting industry. According to the analysis of the authors of some works, foreign companies have created a number of special equipment for processing secondary raw materials. These devices are created at different enterprises. For the processing of secondary material resources, cutting machines RMO-1 made in Russia, ShchM-50, ShchMSh, MSh-800, as well as clamping machines AS-116, AS-12, AS-301 made in Poland, Ch-11- Carding machines type 200Sh were used . In some foreign countries, an improved technology has been created in which, instead of pile, hardware thread made from felt, wool, cotton, chemical fibers, recycled wool and their mixtures are used as raw materials. In a number of foreign countries, the technology of rotor-mechanical spinning of yarn from recycled-blend fibers from used household textiles, non- woven materials, gauze, and knitted products is widely used. When producing yarn with a thickness of 50 tex and above, the spinning industry uses technology for processing secondary material resources. At this time, the technology of spinning from fibers extracted from recycled material resources was created in Germany. According to the research results, the unevenness of threads obtained by adding recycled mixed fiber to sorting has increased significantly. As a result, rotor spinning of 100% recycled mixed fiber was observed with an increase in the number of yarn breaks. In foreign countries, the technology for producing yarn from secondary material resources of the knitting and weaving industry on rotor spinning machines from Fehrer AC (Austria) brand DREF-11 has been developed. It is noted that secondary material resources consisting of natural fibers are processed in the Clean Master cleaner from Temafa (Germany) and mixed with other components in the Mixmaster mixing machine. In Bulgaria, using three different technological systems, that is, the first system of fabric, knitting and gas blotting; sorting and cleaning secondary material resources of recycled fiber of 272 the second system; the third system produced yarn based on carding, drawing and spinning. To process recyclable materials, the TsSK 62/3 sorting system was used. The MShS multi-section press machine was used to extract recycled fiber from scraps of technical fabrics woven from chemical fibers. At the Chernigov plant, carding, scalded thread ends and shavings were used to produce hardware thread. To restore secondary material resources, the AS-39, MS-50 “Volchok”, canning machine, carding machine Ch-11-Sh, wool washing machine MS-1 and a machine for cleaning secondary material resources were used. From secondary material resources of the textile industry, enterprises in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Armenia spin yarn and weave it into children's coat fabric called “Podmoskovye”. Even a self-factor (batch spinning machine) from Bigalli (Italy) is included in the technology of spinning yarn using waste. Processing recycled natural silk fibers with wool fibers has reduced the cost of yarn. Fiber products were mixed in a braiding machine (Switzerland) after separate combing of the fibers twice on a Textima-1603 machine. The FH-5 laying machine receives the laying, and the P-76- SHG 2 machine receives the yarn. Recently, a number of studies have been carried out to create waste-free technology in combination with secondary material resources and waste recycling. Including wool processing and the creation of low-cost enterprises. A number of technological systems for the effective use of secondary material resources have been proposed. The yarn obtained using this technology is mainly used for making shoes and lining fabrics. E. T. Maksudov proposed a technology for the complete processing of waste from the cotton ginning industry. Research work has been carried out to create a waste-free technology for sustainable cotton production. A non-woven filter fabric is made from it using the needlepunch method. A plant for secondary processing of raw materials based on the proposed technology was launched in Vladivostok (Russia). It is noted that the need to create special technologies for processing any secondary raw materials to obtain recycled fiber is sometimes improved in comparison with existing technology. To process textile and knitted waste, pinching machines AS-11 “Befama”, ShM and carding machine Ch-11-Sh are used, yarn is spun on a PR-200 rotary machine. In order to increase the performance of the Ch-11-Sh machine, i