Правовое регулирование ночной и сверхурочной работы: сравнительный анализ

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Мақолада Ўзбекистонда ва хорижий давлатларда иш Меҳнат қонунчилиги вақтидан ташқари иш ва тунги иш вақтларда ишлашнинг Меҳнат муносабатлари қонуний тартибга солиниши, муайян чекловларни Меҳнат қонунчилиги белгилаш ва нормал шароитда ишлаш билан Иш вақтидан ташқари иш Тунги иш вақти таққослаганда кўп миқдорда пул тўлаш, шунингдек, Иш ҳафтаси қўшимча дам олиш вақтини таъминлаш нуқтаи назаридан Иш вақти таҳлил қилинган. Олимларнинг фикрига кўра, Меҳнат иқтисодчилар, социологлар ва шифокорлар каби муносабатларининг ўзига ходимларнинг соғлиғига ушбу иш тури салбий таъсир хослиги. 1 Head of the Department of Private Law, Specialized Branch of Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent, Uzbekistan email: dilfuza.abdullayeva@yandex.ru Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special issue -1, №01 (2020) / ISSN 2181-1415 қилиши, унинг оиласида ёки ижтимоий ҳаётида салбий мувозанатни келтириб чиқариши назарда тутилган. Илмий мақолада иш вақтидан ташқари иш ва тунги иш вақтини белгилаш муаммоларини таҳлил қилинган. Меҳнат соҳасидаги амалдаги қонунчиликни таҳлил қилиш асосида иш вақтини ажратишга имкон берадиган мезонларни ишлаб чиқди Правовое регулирование ночной и сверхурочной работы: сравнительный анализ АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: В статье анализируется правовое регулирование Трудовое право сверхурочной и ночной работы в Узбекистане и Трудовые отношения зарубежных странах в части установления определенных Трудовое ограничений и оплаты в увеличенном размере по законодательство Сверхурочная работа сравнению с работой в нормальных условиях, а также Ночное время предоставления дополнительного времени отдыха. По Рабочая неделя мнению ученых, для экономистов, социологов и врачей время работы такие виды работы негативно сказываются на здоровье Особенности трудовых рабочего или приводят к дисбалансу в его семейной или отношений общественной жизни. В научное статье анализируются проблемы установления сверхурочной и ночной работы. На основе анализа действующего законодательства в сфере труда автором сформулированы критерии, позволяющие различать эти виды рабочего времени. In labor law, special attention is paid to the regulation of overtime and night work, which are considered in the aspect of establishing certain restrictions and higher wages compared to work in normal conditions, as well as providing additional rest time, since, according to legislators, economists, sociologists and physicians, such types of work negatively affect the health of the worker or lead to an imbalance in his family or social life. Working at night disrupts the natural rhythm of life and, as proven by science, negatively affects human health. For this reason, work at night requires special regulation. According to the first part of Art.22 Labor Code night time is from 22.00 to 6.00 in the morning. One of the peculiarities of working at night is that the duration of the work shift at night must be reduced by at least one hour in comparison with the duration of working hours established for a particular category of workers. Only in those cases when it is necessary for the conditions of production, the duration of night work is equalized with the day. Another feature of the use of working hours at night is the restriction of night work for certain categories of workers. From the content of Art.122 of the Labor Code shows that, as a general rule, the duration of the night shift should be reduced by one hour, with a corresponding decrease in the duration of working hours per week. Meanwhile, in some cases, legislation allows the duration of the night shift to be equalized with the day shift. In these cases, the weekly norm 362 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special issue -1, №01 (2020) / ISSN 2181-1415 or the norm of working time for the accounting period, despite night work, is calculated in the usual manner without a corresponding decrease. In the second part of Art.122 of the Labor Code shows only two special cases, in the presence of which the duration of night work can be equalized with day work, namely: in continuous production and shift work with a six-day work week with one day off. As M.Yu.Gasanov, this article provides that the duration of night work is equal to the daytime, when it is necessary under the terms of production. If, in the event of a dispute, the employer cannot provide convincing evidence that the night shift is equalized with the day shift precisely for this reason, then such equalization will be considered unlawful, and hours worked overnight will be considered overtime [1]. The duration of night work can be equal to that of the day, for example, when an employee is hired to perform work at night (night watchman, plumber, electrician or other specialists hired on duty at the enterprise at night, etc.). In this case, the duration of the night shift cannot be reduced, since the above and similar jobs were created specifically for the implementa