Лингвистика: важность, история и проблемы социолингвистики

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Ушбу мақолада социолингвистика атамасининг ҳозирги Адабий тил ва давлат тили замон тилшунослигидаги маънолари, социолингвистикага Тилнинг социолингвистик оид муаммолар, ривожланиш тарихи ва социолингвистик тури тадқиқотларга қизиқишнинг кучайиб бораётганлиги Ҳаётийлик мезони сабаблари очиб берилган. Шунингдек, 1 Senior Lecturer, Specialized branch of Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent, Uzbekistan dur_dona@yahoo.com Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special issue -1, №01 (2020) / ISSN 2181-1415 Стандартлаштириш социолингвистиканинг турли давлатлардаги давлат тили мезони билан боғлиқ муаммолар ва миллатлараро тиллар Тарихийлик мезони аралашувини ўрганишдаги аҳамияти ёритилган. Стандарт тиллар креол тиллар Пижин тили «ўлик тил» Маҳаллий тил Диалект Шева ва адабий тил Классик тил Сунъий тил Лингвистика: важность, история и проблемы социолингвистики АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: В статье разъясняются значения термина Литературный язык и «социолингвистика» в современном языкознании, государственный язык проблемы социолингвистики, а также история развития и Социолингвистический причины актуальности социолингвистического тип языка Критерий исследования. В статье обсуждается проблемы жизнеспособности социолингвистики в изучении государственного языка Критерий стандартизации разных стран и межэтническом общении. Исторический критерий Стандартные языки Креольские языки Пиджинский язык «Мертвый язык» Родной язык Диалект Диалект и литературный язык Классический язык Искусственный язык. Sociolinguistics is the detailed study of the effect of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, the way language is used, and society's effect on language [1]. This differs from sociology of language that studies the impact of language on society. Sociolinguistics tightly connected to linguistic anthropology [2]. Sociolinguistics refers to the way language is used in society. When addressed to modern linguistics the term sociolinguistics is applied in two means: - the relationship between language and society, the study of the role of society in the development of language; - to study the problem of language differences in relation to the social stratification of a nation or people. When we look at the social aspects of language in the modern sense, it can be noted that Indian and Japanese linguists carried out the first studies in the 1930s. Earlier, Louis Gauchat from Switzerland also studies the field in the early 1900s, however, these studies did not gain much attention in the West until much later. The study of the social motivation of language change, on the other hand, has its foundation in the wave model of the late 19th century. The first attested use of the term sociolinguistics was by Thomas Callan 223 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special issue -1, №01 (2020) / ISSN 2181-1415 Hodson in the title of his 1939 article "Sociolinguistics in India" published in Man in India [3]. Some decades later, world linguists began to pay more attention to the study of sociolinguistic issues, particularly, in the 60s and 70s of the XX century. In studying such problems of sociolinguistics, linguistics should take into account not only the science of Sociology, but also the achievements of a number of other disciplines, such as Philosophy, Social Psychology, Ethnography. The growing interest in sociolinguistic research in modern linguistics can be explained by two reasons: - the growing need for science-based language policy in modern society; - Structural linguistics has so far been interested only in the study of the internal structure of language, the problem of the relationship of language with society, the history and customs of the people who speak the language has been left out of the attention of linguists. The issue of language policy is becoming increasingly actual in today's society. For example, the conflicts in the former Soviet Union, in some of its regions, in Yugoslavia, in India are a clear proof of this. In many post-colonial Asian and African countries, the language problem, especially the state language, has not yet been clearly resolved. In some countries, the language of the colonialists has served as the state language. For example, in countries such as India and the Philippines, efforts are being made to turn one of the local languages into the state language, a nationwide means of communication. However, in these countries, the English language retains its strong position. The transformation of a certain national language into the state language is associated with the solution of the following problems: - The language should be popular with other nations and people living in the country, that is, the language should be more widespread than other languages in the country, the language to be the means of main communication for the majority of the population as well as lexically, semantically, grammaticall