USE OF BASALT AND CLAY MATERIALS IN THE COMPOSITION OF CERAMIC MASSES

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION and involvement in the production of non- In modern conditions of rapidly growing traditional materials [1, 2]. construction rates of residential and industrial buildings, the need for ceramic building materials In recent years, a number of studies have been for various purposes is constantly increasing. The devoted to the problems of rational use of natural intensive growth of the ceramic materials industry and mineral resources, the search and expansion of depends primarily on the use of innovative the raw material base for the production of ceramic technologies, expansion of the raw material base materials for various purposes through the use of https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajas 12 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES (ISSN – 2689-0992) VOLUME 06 ISSUE04 non-traditional types of raw materials, the was carried out by the powder method on a development of resource- and energy-saving Shimadzu LABX XRD-6100 X-ray diffractometer methods and the improvement of existing using CuKα radiation. Radiographs were taken technologies. According to GOST 13996-2019, the with a step of 0.02, the tube current and voltage mechanical bending strength of ceramic tiles must mode was 30 mA, 30 kV. Identification of mineral be higher than 16 MPa, which limits the scope of phases and analysis of the results was carried out application of various raw materials. In this regard, using reference books and the generally accepted it seems relevant to study the physicochemical, ICDD PDF-2 database [12-16]. physical and mechanical characteristics of The raster electron microscopic studies used in the experimental samples of building ceramic masses work make it possible to study the elemental and and determine the influence of basalt rocks on the phase compositions of minerals, morphological shrinkage and water absorption of experimental features and crystalline perfection of the particles ceramic masses depending on the firing composing them. The studies were carried out temperature [3, 4]. using scanning (SEM) CamScan-4 (Cambridge) and METHODS TESCAN VEGA IIXMU (Tescan) and transmission (TEM) JEM 2100 (JEOL, Japan), Tecnai G230ST Experimental studies on the development of TEM/STEM (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) electron compositions, production technologies and microscopy [16]. determination of the main characteristics of ceramic materials based on clayey and basalt rocks RESULTS AND DISCUSSION were carried out using modern as well as generally To design the compositions of ceramic masses, accepted classical methods of physical and kaolins from the Shomishkul deposit and basalts chemical analyzes and physical and mechanical from the Berkurtau deposits were used as raw tests. materials. In this work, chemical analytical, X-ray diffraction, The results of determining the chemical and electron microscopic analyzes were used. composition of the used raw materials for ceramic The material composition of samples of basalt raw masses are given in Table 1 and, accordingly, the materials was determined by silicate rational component compositions of the test sample chemical analysis using the accelerated method. charges based on the developed recipe are given in The mineralogical composition of basalt samples Table 2. was determined by X-ray phase analysis, which Table 1 Chemical compositions of raw materials used Oxides content (weight %) LOI, Name of raw weight SiО Аl O ТiO Fе O CaO MgO K O Na O 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 material % https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajas 13 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES (ISSN – 2689-0992) VOLUME 06 ISSUE04 Shomishkul kaolin 66,34 16,61 0,86 1,75 0,70 2,03 3,10 1,20 7,12 Berkuttau 55,71 17,21 0,91 6,62 3,83 0,62 1,92 10,15 3,00 Basalt Tabakkum dune 79,24 5,36 0,30 1,32 4,56 1,78 1,25 1,25 3,97 sand Table 2 Compositions of experimental ceramic masses based on Shomishkul kaolin and Tabakkum dune sand using Berkuttau basalt Name of masses Components, weight % Kaolin Berkuttau basalt Dune sand КBS-1 50 30 20 КBS -2 50 25 25 КBS -3 50 20 30 КBS -4 55 30 15 КBS -5 55 25 20 КBS -6 55 20 25 КBS -7 60 15 25 КBS -8 60 20 20 The prepared raw material compositions (Table 2) increases the reactivity of the initial components - were subjected to heat treatment in a silit furnace kaolin and dune sand. Thus, during the firing of the at a temperature of 950-1150 ° C with exposure at basalt-containing mass, mullite grains are formed, a maximum temperature of 15-20 minutes. As a which leads to an increase in the density and result of high-temperature firing of experimental strength of the sample. (Fig.1). It should be noted samples containing basalt rock, it promotes that the crystalline phase structure of nascent smooth formation at lower temperatures and minerals is stabilized, and the sintering https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajas 14 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES (ISSN – 2689-0992) VOLUME 06 ISSUE04 temperatu