Ультрасонография и магнитно-резонансная томография в диагностике дегенеративно- дистрофических заболеваний тазобедренного сустава

Аннотация

Subject of the inquiry: 148 patients with degenerative dystrophic diseases of the hip joint, of them 103 with osteoarthritis and 45 with avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Aim of the inquiry: improvement of the diagnosis of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the hip using possibilities of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Methods of research: X-ray, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. The results achieved and their novelty: For the first time, the role of ultrasonog-aphy and magnetic resonance imaging in osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis of the hip was established in comparison with conventional X-ray. The result have shown that sensitivity of ultrasonography in osteoarthritis was low (57.7%) in the detection of femoral head deformation. In avascular necrosis of the hip detection of femoral head deformation was revealed better - 89.7%, which can be explained by differences in the mechanism and localization of deformation in these diseases. Ultrasonography was quite sensitive to changes of the joint capsule both in osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis, the sensitivity 86.0% and 84.6% respectively. MRI was superior to X-ray in the assessment of space orientation of the joint surfaces, necrosis zone, synovitis, subchondral cysts, structural changes and joint effusion. X-ray was more preferable for the detection of ostephytosis, subchondral sclerosis and changes of the joint space in osteoarthritis. Practical value: of the work consisted in the concretization of sonographic and MRI signs of degenerative dystrophic diseases of the hip joint and in the suggested algorithm of using radiological methods for establishing the nature of hip joint pathology. Degree of inculcate: the results of research were introduced in the Radiology Department of First Tashkent Medical Institute and the Department of Large Joint Pathology Department of the Traumatology and Orthopedy Research Institute. Sphere of usage: radiology, traumatology and orthopedy, rheumatology.