СРАВНЕНИЕ ПРЯМОЙ И КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ В УЗБЕКСКОМ И АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ.

Аннотация

There are two ways of expressing the words of other people such as direct speech where spoken or written text reports speech in its original form, and indirect speech is where points of what someone has said are reported but the speech is not fully written. This article explores the similarities and differences of direct and indirect speech between English and Uzbek. Key words: sequence of tenses, reported speech, speech and quotation marks, clauses, lexical, stylistic devices. СРАВНЕНИЕ ПРЯМОЙ И КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ В УЗБЕКСКОМ И АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ. Аннотация. Существует два способа выражения слов других людей: прямая речь, когда устный или письменный текст передает речь в ее исходной форме, и косвенная речь, когда передаются моменты того, что кто-то сказал, но речь не полностью написана. В данной статье исследуются сходства и различия прямой и косвенной речи английского и узбекского языков. Ключевые слова: последовательность времен, сообщаемая речь, речевые и кавычки, предложения, лексические, стилистические приемы. One of the best ways of learning a new language is comparison. For instance, comparing English language devices such as stylistic, phonetic and lexical , with the Uzbek language fastens learning process. In addition comparative study helps settle the system of one language to affect negatively on the system of the second language. Teaching similarities and differences between Uzbek and English prevents from mistakes when expressing one’s thought. For example, let’s see the peculiarities of direct and indirect speech in both languages. English prefer expressing other people’s sentence by changing its grammar and lexical devices and turning sentences into relative clauses. On the other hand, in Uzbek language in spite of the number of sentences, when it is reported, it is expressed as one sentence: - Pete says: “Mother, I’ll come home at 5 o’clock in the evening”. - “Oyi, uyga kechqurun soat 5da kelaman,”- dedi Pit. - Pete tells his mother that he will come home at 5 o’clock in the evening. - Pit onasiga kechqurun soat 5da kelishini aytdi. In English sentences of reported speech are connected to each other with he help of interrogative pronouns: who, when, where, what; and that, if. Sometimes, that is not used in spoken language. In Uzbek language reported speech is given as a simple sentence and no conjunction is used. But using interrogative pronoun as conjunction is also specific to Uzbek language: -He asked: “Where do you live?” -Qayerda yashaysiz?”- so’radi u. 5 50 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2024 VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ -He asked me where I lived. -U mendan qayerda yashashimni so’radi. In English reported speech comes after the speech of author. In Uzbek we can see the opposite of this rule. Nick said he was worried. Nik havotirlanayotganini aytdi. In English when subject of direct speech is 1st or 2nd person, and subject of author’s speech is 3rd person, in reported speech it changes to 1st ->3nd person; 2nd -> 1st or 3rd person. Normally, the tense in reported speech is one tense back in time from the tense in direct speech He said: “ I like salad”. – He said he liked salad. “Men salatni yaxshi ko’raman ,”-dedi u. – U salatni yaxshi ko’rishini aytdi. He said : “I have been to London”. – He said that he had been to London. Sequence of tenses is not occurred in Uzbek. That’s why learners may face with interference between languages during the learning process. In Uzbek the difference between the verb of direct and indirect speech is not connected to tenses. Uzbek students also face difficulties when using auxiliary verbs in direct and indirect speech as they are limited with ony adding suffixes to noun -She said that she had seen that film. -U bu filmni ko’rganligini aytdi. -She said that she would see her there. -U uni o’sha yerda ko’rishligini aytdi. It is important to note that nowadays most of the essays prefer to use direct speech rather than indirect speech. Because in direct speech author keeps all the features of the sentence and expresses someone’s thought more clear and effectively. Direct speech especially comes in handy when expressing character’s inner feeling. But in spoken language reported speech is mostly preferred That’s why, learners should learn differences mentioned above carefully in order to give clear view of their thought to somebody.