COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM IN EASTERN AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES Elyorbek Otajonov

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION approach on managerial practices within East Asia is a region comprising a diverse range of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and countries with varying political systems and Development (OECD) member countries has been historical backgrounds. This diversity leads to significant. This transformation has been different approaches to administrative reform, described in various ways, such as managerialism , which aim to improve government efficiency, market-based public administration , enhance the quality of public services, and entrepreneurial government and new public promote transparency in administrative management, but the underlying essence remains processes. consistent. Essentially, NPM is a framework that The impact of the New Public Management (NPM) incorporates a range of reforms based on the belief https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajssei 104 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2689-100X) VOLUME 06 ISSUE09 that applying private sector management 5. Separation of services from procurement; techniques and market-oriented mechanisms can 6. Implementation of market-based and quasi- enhance the effectiveness of public sector market instruments; organisations. 7. Focusing on performance management, metrics, ABOUT SCIENTISTS WHO STUDIED THIS TOPIC and goal-setting; This article examines the key methodological 8. Implementation of fixed-term contracts, frameworks used by experts to evaluate and performance-related remuneration, and local implement administrative reform in East Asian decision-making with regard to salaries and countries. It also explores the work of scholars who working conditions. have studied this topic, including Francis In light of a growing emphasis on quality service Fukuyama and Edward M. Lee. Fukuyama has delivery, standardization, and customer focused on issues related to public administration responsiveness, Hughes argues that New Public and institutional change, while Lee has examined Management (NPM) has successfully replaced the the influence of culture on reform in Asia. traditional model of public administration. He MAIN PART posits that the public sector of the future will be The main part of the paper will discuss the characterized by managerialism in both theory and methodologies used by researchers to analyze and practice. Hood emphasizes the importance of implement administrative changes in East Asia, as replacing bureaucratic practices in the public well as the contributions of Fukuyama and Lee to sector with those employed in the private sector in our understanding of governance and reform in order to ensure the effectiveness of these reforms. the region. The widespread adoption of public management reforms based on the principles of the New Public The initial focus of NPM was on improving the Management model has been accompanied by efficiency and effectiveness of public some controversy among OECD countries. This organisations.This represents a significant shift in approach places an unbalanced emphasis on cultural approach, as the traditional model, economic and financial aspects, often to the characterized by an emphasis on processes and detriment of the quality of public services and regulations, is being replaced by a new paradigm citizen engagement. The reform process has led that seeks to integrate modern management public managers to operate in a context with fewer techniques with economic principles while resources and more challenging employment upholding essential public values . conditions. In some cases, this has resulted in the Pollitt identifies eight key components of NPM loss of tenure for departmental secretaries, (New Public Management): extended working hours, decreased control over 1. Reduction in costs; personal lives, and decreased morale. Additionally, public managers have faced increased criticism, as 2. Establishment of budget caps and increased there is growing doubt about their ability to visibility in resource allocation; effectively and efficiently deliver services. 3. Disintegration of traditional bureaucratic Furthermore, Considine and Painter argue that an frameworks into individual agencies; overreliance on private sector management 4. Decentralization of management within techniques in the public sector may potentially governmental institutions; https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajssei 105 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2689-100X) VOLUME 06 ISSUE09 undermine existing social democratic principles efforts in four countries: Singapore, Malaysia, Sri and practices. This perspective adds another Lanka, and Bangladesh. The study focuses on important dimension to the discussion on the examining the specific nature of NPM initiatives impact of the reform process on public implemented in each of these countries and the management. International development agencies influence of various conte