IMPACT OF BRITISH LITERATURE ON GLOBAL LITERATURE Haidyr Hashim Niama

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION are articles on these various literatures as well: Literature from the United Kingdom of Great Latin literature in the United Kingdom, including Britain and Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, and Anglo-Norman, Cornish, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, the Channel Islands is referred to as British Latin, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, and others. literature. This article is about English-language British literature. There is some discussion of Latin Irish writers have played an important role in the and Anglo-Norman literature, as well as literature development of literature in England and Scotland, in these languages that relates to the early but despite the fact that Ireland was politically part development of the English language and of the United Kingdom from January 1801 to literature. The main discussion is in the various December 1922, describing Irish literature as Scottish literature articles, but there is some brief British can be controversial. For some, this discussion of major figures who wrote in Scots. includes works by Northern Irish authors. The article Literature in other languages of Britain 1.1. British identity focuses on works written in languages other than Over time, the nature of British identity has shifted. English that are or have been used in Britain. There Since the time of the Roman Pliny the Elder (c. 23 https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajssei 176 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2689-100X) VOLUME 06 ISSUE06 AD-79), the island containing England, Scotland, the nineteenth century or earlier in the United and Wales has been known as Britain. The Anglo- States, and later in other former colonies, major Saxon invasion, which began around AD 450, gave English writers began to appear outside the rise to English as the national language (Jones & borders of Britain and Ireland; later, these Casey 1988). Prior to that, the inhabitants included Nobel laureates (Hill, Douglas 1988 & Hill, primarily spoke a variety of Celtic languages. The Douglas 1988). various constituent parts of the current United 1.2. Timeline Kingdom came together at various times. The Although the Romans left Britain in the early fifth Kingdom of England annexed Wales under the Acts century, Latin literature, mostly ecclesiastical, of Union of 1536 and 1542. However, the Kingdom continued to be written, including Chronicles by of Great Britain did not exist until 1707, when Bede (672/3-735), Historia ecclesiastica gentis England and Scotland signed a treaty. In January Anglorum; and De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae 1801, it merged with the Kingdom of Ireland to by Gildas (c. 500-570). form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Celtic languages were widely spoken in Many British people spoke various Celtic Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, and Ireland until languages at the time. Y Gododdin and the relatively recently, and these languages still exist, Mabinogion are two of the most important written particularly in parts of Wales. works that have survived. Vikings and Norse settlers, as well as their descendants, colonized As a result of Irish nationalism, the island of parts of what is now modern Scotland from the Ireland was partitioned in 1921, and literature eighth to the fifteenth centuries. Some Old Norse from the Republic of Ireland is not British, whereas poetry from this period survives, including the literature from Northern Ireland is both Irish and Orkneyinga saga, a historical narrative of the British (Deane, Seamus 1986). Orkney Islands' history from their capture by the Since the twentieth century, works written in Norwegian king in the 9th century until around English by Welsh writers, particularly when the 1200. subject matter is about Wales, have been 1.2.1. Anglo-Saxons recognized as a distinct entity. The parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature Old English literature, also known as Anglo-Saxon necessitated the creation of a distinct identity for literature, refers to the surviving literature written this type of writing (Raymond Garlick 1970). in Old English in Anglo-Saxon England between the arrival of the Saxons and other Germanic tribes in British literature is significant because of its England (Jutes and Angles) around 450 and "soon contribution to human knowledge and after the Norman Conquest" in 1066, or roughly understanding of the world. It depicts British between 1100 and 1100-50 (Oxford University culture, history, philosophy, and society at various Press,1996). Epic poetry, hagiography, sermons, points in time. We learn about the lives of people Bible translations, legal works, chronicles, riddles, from various classes, races, and genders through and other genres are included Angus Cameron British literature. British literature has influenced (1983). There are approximately 400 surviving literary techniques, styles, and movements that manuscripts from the time period Angus Cameron have shape