PRACTICES OF HOUSEHOLD ON ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION OF KADUNA STATE Abubakar Danjuma Banduram

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION health(Steve, l984). Every increasing industrialization and urbanization has been polluting the environment, Environmental sanitation refers to the process of which has adverse effect on human health. Most of taming the environment so that it does not the infectious and non-infectious diseases that constitute hazard to man. It is the process of have been endemic and epidemic in different controlling all those factors that constitute or may societies have resulted from various human contribute direct or indirect effect on man’s activities within the environment (Rene, 1994). physical, mental and social well-being and his Advancement in science and technology, industrial society (Ubah, Ajala& Liman, 2003). revolution and population explosion, all combine Environmental problems have become a priority on to increase the amount of pollutants generated in the world political agenda. This is inevitably linked the environment, posing serious threat to- human with the general degradation of the environment https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajssei 61 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2689-0811) VOLUME 06 ISSUE05 which calls for ultimate attention. The objective of all forms of life, but it has a great role to play in environmental sanitation is to create and improve socio-economic development of human population. the quality of the environment and control all In 1991, the World Health Assembly, in a resolution, those factors that are harmful to health (Park, emphasized that safe drinking water is a basic 2003). element of “primary health care” which is the key to the attainment of “Health of All by the year 2000 Conceptually, sanitation is a way of life. It is the AD” (Park,2003). quality of living that is expressed in the clean home, clean farm, clean neighborhood, and of Source of Water: The source of water requires course, the entire community. Being a way of life, it professional advice. ln general, water must conform must come from people. It is based on knowledge to two criteria; (a) Quality must be sufficient to that reflects on the attitude and practical meet the present and future requirement (b) the obligation of individual members of the quality of water must be acceptable. The sources community. The level of civilized living which a available for the development of water supplies are community has attained is expressed by the rain, surface water and underground water (Park, quality of its environmental sanitation (Ubah, 2003). Ajala& Liman, 2003). Rain: Rain is the prime source of all water. Apart Human health is closely related to the total from the rain, water sink into the ground to form physical environment, biological and social in ground water. Rain water is the purest water in which people live. Generally, there is a health crisis nature, physically; it is clear, bright and sparking. endured by the large section of the Nigerian Chemically, it is very soft water containing only communities, including Kebbi State. This is largely traces of dissolve solid 0.005percent; due to disease pathogens carried by contaminated Bacteriological, rain water is free from pathogenic food, water and air. Numerous infections and agents. Rain water becomes contaminated as it infestation of man are spread through poor passes through the atmosphere, it picks dust, sanitation (Ubah, Ajala& Liman, 2003). microorganism and gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen and ammonia (Park, 2003). Effective sanitation through integrated approach to sewage and refuse disposal in Nigeria is an Surface Water: Surface water originated from rain important way of reducing the incidence and water. Surface water _is prone to contamination prevalence of disease condition and of improving from human and animal source. As such it is never the quality of life (Ubah, Ajala and Liman, 2003). safe for human consumption. Surface water includes river, tanks, lakes, reservoir and sea water. Sanitation and Water Supply The quality of surface water depends upon the Much of ill-health which affects humanity, characteristics of water shed, climate and the extent especially in the developing countries can be and the nature of man activity influence in the area. traced to lack of safe and potable water supply. Pollution by man is the most significant factor in the Water should be easily accessible, adequate in suitability of surface water as a supply source. It is quantity, free form contamination, safe and readily directly contaminated by human beings and animal available throughout the year. There can be no or indirectly when rain-washes faeces and other state of positive health and well-being without pollutants from the banks into the stream and river. adequate safe water supply. Surface water must therefore be purified before use Waster is not only a vital environmental factor to (Ubah, Ajala & Liman, 2003). https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajssei 62 TH