PUBLISHED DATE: - 30-06-2024

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION analysis of how Chinese and Russian scientists Most studies on the Shanghai Cooperation evaluate the organization's activities is Organization (SCO), including those by Western particularly valuable. scholars, often view the SCO as an initiative by China and Russia to bolster their regional influence The evolution of Chinese approaches to the in Central Asia. While Chinese and Russian SCO: from the doctrine of combating the “three scientists do not dismiss this perspective, their evils” to the concept of “a new type of own approaches to the SCO's activities reflect a international relations” broader understanding of the organization's role The views of Chinese researchers on the SCO are and significance, extending beyond Central Asia to distinguished by the following features. the international stage. Given the substantial Firstly, in their fundamental researches one can contributions of China and Russia to the SCO's see the conceptual foundations of the PRC’s formation and development, a comparative https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajssei 245 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2689-100X) VOLUME 06 ISSUE06 strategy towards the SCO. In particular, professor with different civilizations and political systems. at the Institute of International Studies at Fudan This allows, unlike other international structures, University, Zhao Huashen, points out six priorities to promote inclusive cooperation as well as a in China’s strategy in relation to this organization. “harmonious order”. This is the fight “against the three evils” (terrorism, Professor Li Haidong, in turn, views the SCO as an extremism and separatism); ensuring the security important institution for the implementation of the of border areas; promoting regional stability; concept of “new Asian security.” The Chinese participation in the economic development of the researcher believes that this concept, being the region; preventing Central Asia from falling under opposite of the concept of “hard security” adhered the influence of countries or military blocs hostile to by US-controlled “alliances” (i.e. NATO), to China; opening the way to energy resources of represents one of the mechanisms for the countries of the region. implementing China’s strategy to form a new Secondly, Chinese researchers note that the world order based on multipolarity. conceptual elements of China’s foreign policy Along with this, Zhou Huasheng, in his latest determined the doctrinal and ideological research on this organization, also emphasizes that foundations of the SCO. They point out that, first of “The SCO is the main experimental and practical all, concepts related to the “Shanghai Spirit” and platform for Chinese concepts of a new the fight against the “three evils” are reflected in international order. The SCO embodies a number the SCO Charter of 2002. of China's core international political concepts - Thirdly, the SCO is a product of China's "opening opposing hegemony, unilateralism, Cold War up" diplomacy following reforms launched in the mentality, bloc politics, unilateral sanctions, 1980s by Deng Xiaoping. In this context, the adhering to the UN Charter and international law, opinions of another well-known specialist from the supporting multilateralism and promoting PRC on SCO issues, Pan Dapeng, are noteworthy. multipolarity. The main ideas proposed by China He believes that “the creation of the Shanghai are reflected in the practice of the SCO, and we can Cooperation Organization coincided with the say that this organization is the prototype of a new period of the policy of reforms and the international order.” implementation of socialist modernization in Fifthly, another group of Chinese experts is trying China. For this reason, the formation of the SCO is to prove that the SCO is a means of implementing inextricably linked with changes in the the PRC’s “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) initiative. development of the PRC and its diplomacy... The Therefore, in their opinion, the SCO should be SCO is the opening of Chinese diplomacy.” “harmonized” with the OBOR initiative. Following Fourthly, recently in China there have been this logic, supporters of this group of scientists attempts to interpret the SCO as an example of a believe that within the framework of the “new model of international relations”, with organization’s activities it is necessary to scientific justification. Thus, expert Wang strengthen, mainly, economic cooperation. In Xiaoquan argues that the SCO, built on the basis of practical terms, the SCO is regarded as a platform the “Shanghai Spirit” (mutual trust, mutual for improving the quality of planning and interest, equality, consultation, respect for cultural promoting the B&R initiative. diversity, the desire for common development), is a unique international organization uniting states https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajssei 246 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERI