Lexical and semantic characteristics of hyponomic relations in english linguistucs

Аннотация

This article describes the lexical and semantic relation of hyponyms in English linguistics, which means that analyzing deeply the features of hyponyms and its characteristic features. Hyponymy is considered the one of the most vital progresses in cognitive understanding of information, extremely significant devices to classifying vocabulary and performing of the human perception. Linguistic features of hyponyms are taken into consideration important when giving logical meaning and connection to speech that help to express the meaning of the word. Keywords: hyponymy, hypero-hyponymic relation, lexical-semantic field, lexicon models, lexical unit. Introduction. In lexical classification, hyponymic relations of words, hierarchical structure of word combinations are considered important . Hyponymy is one of the types of systematic relations of units at the lexical-semantic level of language that is gender-type, reciprocal, hypero-hyponymicrelations. According to giving different views about this relationship in the lexical system of language, we rely on the facts that hypero-hyponymic relationships confirmed by many studies which belong to universal connections if lexical units. The main relationship of hyponymy is based on logical-semantic subordination that determines the 47 GAYBULLA SALOMOV AND UZBEK SCHOOL OF TRANSLATION 13 dekabr hierarchical structure of individual semantic areas lexical layer of the language as a whole, structuring the lexicon of the language. The 21st century has been called the “age of multilingualism” by the European Union, and the problem of effective learning and teaching of foreign languages is becoming increasingly important. In particular, raising the intellectual potential of young people in Uzbekistan, gaining a wide range of knowledge and professional skills, as well as active communication with peers abroad, keeping abreast of all events, innovations and changes in the world today, is the most important condition for acquiring great intellectual wealth. Great opportunities have been created for them to study foreign languages in depth. Like many other countries in the world, Uzbekistan pays special attention to the teaching and learning of foreign languages as a social direction of the state. There is every opportunity to keep abreast of the news [1] . Literary review. Hyponymy is a less studied category in various systematic languages and has been considered in the scientific work of a number of researchers. The followings can be seen in the study of the problem of hyponymy in the work of scientists. To this time, many foreigners linguists investigated on many branches of language for instance, semantic and lexical characteristics of hyponymy that has been argued in their scientific research works which were illustrated many precious ideas and opinions. We can observe that the issue of hyponymy has been engaged in study about this in the works of the following linguists: Finch. G “Linguistic terms and concepts”, Firth J.R “Modes of meaning”, Cherry N “On Human Communication”, Bierwish B.M “ Semantics and Translations”, Palmer F.R “Semantics”, O’Grady W, Katamba F “Semantics and Pragmatics”, “The Analysis of Meaning” and Charles W.Kreidler “Introducing English Semantics”. Research Methodology. The lexical units in this scheme are parts of the hyponymic or taxonomic paradigm. Given the probability that the tree structure is in an asymmetric state, it can be observed that each lexical unit can have many 48 GAYBULLA SALOMOV AND UZBEK SCHOOL OF TRANSLATION 13 dekabr hyponyms, but they have a single hyperonymy. For example, if the word “juice” has hyponyms such as “mandarin juice”, “Tropicana orange juice”, “navel orange juice”, “orange juice” is their hyperonymy. The word “fruit juice” is the hyperonymy of “orange juice”. According to English linguist Lions, “ these cross- categorical relations are quasi hyponymy. But even in nominal taxonomies, we see some differences in syntactic categories at the highest levels”[3]. Adjectives can also have nominal hyperonyms, for example “emotion>happy, sad, angry”. Hyponymy is a paradigmatic relationship in which the relationship between members of the same syntactic category is represented. The inter-category relationship is called “quasi- hyponymy” In some cases, a high degree of syntactic category differences is observed in nominal taxonomy. For example, even though the word “fruit” in the picture above is a noun phrase, it is used in the adjective form “fruit juice”. The orange juice varieties “navel” and “mandarin juice” are represented at the bottom. Despite the fact that the words “herbal juice” and “vegetable juice” in the primary stage are in the unit of uncounted, the word “juice” is a noun in the category that is also not counted. Juice Herbal j uice Vegetable j uice F ruit j uice Orange juice lemon juice pear juice Mandarin juice Tropicana orange juice navel orange juice Figure 3.Hyponymic relationship in lexical field “Juice” C