MORPHOFUNCTIONAL POLYMORPHISM OF THE MUCOSA IN CHRONIC LARINGITIS

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION Chronic laryngitis is the most commonly diagnosed organic voice disorder, with almost 10% of all cases Chronic laryngitis, characterized by inflammation of dysphonia classified as such [12,13]. Laryngitis of laryngeal tissue, is the most commonly is an inflammation of the tissues of the larynx diagnosed organic voice disorder, but treatments caused by infectious (for example, viral, bacterial, targeting putative etiologic factors have shown fungal) and mechanical agents. Depending on the limited effectiveness. A major obstacle to the nature of the course of the disease, there are: acute development of improved treatments for chronic form of laryngitis (has a sudden development, laryngitis is a fundamental gap in knowledge accompanied by vivid manifestations); chronic regarding the pathophysiology of laryngeal form (alternating with phases of exacerbation and inflammation. Diseases of the larynx occupy a remissions). leading place in the general structure of pathology of the upper respiratory tract. Chronic laryngitis, Acute laryngitis. Most cases of laryngitis are according to various authors, accounts for up to temporary and resolve once the underlying cause 34% of inflammatory pathology of the larynx. is addressed. Causes of acute laryngitis include https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajmspr 83 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH (ISSN – 2689-1026) VOLUME 06 ISSUE02 viral infections similar to those that cause the method. The question of the role of microbial common cold, vocal tension caused by shouting or factors in the development of chronic excessive use of the voice, and bacterial infections, inflammatory diseases of the larynx remains although these are less common [6]. controversial. A number of authors do not consider microbial flora to be the leading cause in the Chronic laryngitis. Laryngitis that lasts more than genesis of chronic laryngitis or completely deny the three weeks is known as chronic laryngitis. This bacterial etiology of the disease. According to type of laryngitis is usually caused by prolonged Feigin G. A. (2003), in chronic laryngopharyngitis exposure to irritants. There are the following forms or pharyngolaryngotracheobronchitis, persistent of chronic laryngitis: changes in the mucous membrane of the larynx are • Catarrhal chronic laryngitis associated with the action of viruses, which • Atrophic chronic laryngitis subsequently contribute to an increase in bacterial contamination of the respiratory tract. • Hyperplastic Chronic polyposis-edematous laryngitis Reinke- Chronic laryngitis can cause vocal cord stretching, Hajek (Reinke's edema, or smoker's laryngitis) is injury, or growths (polyps or nodules). Chronic one of the forms of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis. laryngitis develops gradually, with major signs and This disease is classified as tumor-like along with symptoms waxing and waning over very long vocal fold nodules, polyps, cysts and nonspecific periods of time. The disease is characterized by a granulomas. The incidence of benign diseases of variety of symptoms, including a hoarse voice, the larynx is 55–70% among productive processes difficulty speaking, sore throat, coughing and of the upper respiratory tract, in particular polyps coughing. Examination of the larynx is variable but make up 39–68%, papillomas – 24–59%, Reinke’s usually reveals diffuse supraglottic and glottal edema – 5.5%, cysts – 5%, nonspecific granulomas erythema and edema in addition to excessive – 3 –4%, amyloidosis – less than 1% [5]. For mucus thickness [9]. effective treatment of this disease, it is necessary to Although chronic inflammatory diseases of the take into account the etiological factors and its larynx are quite common, their therapy has so far pathogenesis. The development of Reinke's edema been carried out without taking into account the is associated with smoking and is more common in cause of the disease, which significantly reduces women (80%) between 40 and 60 years of age [10]. the effectiveness of therapeutic treatment. Reinke-Hajek edematous-polyposis laryngitis is Pathogenetically based effective treatment of characterized by a specific zone of neoplasm exacerbation of chronic laryngitis allows you to formation, namely the membranous part of the quickly not only restore voice function, but also vocal folds. Ulcerative changes, granulations, and detect malignant neoplasms if they are present. scars may be present, as well as benign vocal fold New ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of pathology such as polypoid changes or Reinke's chronic laryngitis require the development of edema. Signs of chronic inflammation are present pathogenetically based methods of its treatment. In in the form of diffusely located connective tissue the last decade, gastroesophageal reflux disease cords infiltrated by inflammatory cells, with foci of (GERD) has attracted increased attention from fibrosis and partial