КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПРИ СИНДРОМЕ ГИЙЕНА-БАРРЕ

Аннотация

Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rapidly progressive autoimmune pathology characterized by acute polyradiculoneuropathy - extensive damage to peripheral blood vessels and nerve roots. Key words: genetic predisposition; infectious mononucleosis; damage to the upper respiratory tract. КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПРИ СИНДРОМЕ ГИЙЕНА- БАРРЕ Аннотация. Синдром Гийена-Барре — быстропрогрессирующая аутоиммунная патология, характеризующаяся острой полирадикулоневропатией—обширным поражением периферических кровеносных сосудов и нервных корешков. Ключевые слова: генетическая предрасположенность; инфекционный мононуклеоз; поражение верхних дыхательных путей. Reasons for development The exact etiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome has not been determined - practitioners believe that it may be caused by: genetic predisposition; infectious mononucleosis; damage to the upper respiratory tract; postoperative and post-vaccination complications; traumatic brain injury; hydrocephalus; herpes virus infection; 16 heavy metal poisoning; tumor-like formations localized in the brain. Symptoms and first signs The main clinical manifestation of Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rapidly progressive weakness of the limbs - the legs are affected first, then the legs and arms. Patients note: numbness and tingling in hands and feet; difficulty swallowing food and liquids; breathing and movement coordination disorders; painful sensations in the back; arrhythmia; decreased reflexes; excessive sweating; increase or decrease blood pressure; gait instability; spontaneous urination; an increase in the volume of the abdominal cavity; decreased visual acuity. Diagnostic methods To make the correct diagnosis and clinically distinguish Guillain-Barré syndrome from other neurological pathologies, the final data of a comprehensive examination of the patient are used, including: Full inspection. Anamnesis collection. Consultations with a neurologist, geneticist, oncologist, traumatologist, surgeon, specialist in infectious diseases, ophthalmologist, cardiologist, immunologist, urologist. Electrocardiography. Daily blood pressure monitoring. Spirometry. Electroneuromyography. Magnetic resonance or computer tomography of the brain. General clinical blood and urine tests - to assess the general condition of the patient's body. Biochemical blood test - to determine gas composition and level: electrolyte ions; glucose, total protein and its fractions, digestive enzymes, total and direct bilirubin. 17 Immunological blood test - detection and determination of titers of autoimmune antibodies. Cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid obtained during spinal puncture. Analysis of tumor markers. Molecular biological analysis for identification of genetic material of infectious pathogens. Treatment Patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome require hospitalization in the intensive care unit, where treatment measures aimed at eliminating the clinical signs of the autoimmune process, restoring the function of vital organs, and preventing the development of complications of the pathology are carried out. Marked: special diet; antibacterial drugs; glucocorticosteroids; heparin; antioxidants; cardiotonics; plasmapheresis; physiotherapeutic procedures; massage; physical therapy. After discharge from the hospital, the patient is registered by a neurologist.