ENHANCING SEISMIC PERFORMANCE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF GFRP AND NSM TECHNIQUE FOR RETROFITTING BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION Among the various retrofitting techniques, the use of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and In seismic regions, the vulnerability of reinforced Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) techniques has concrete structures, particularly beam-column emerged as promising solutions for improving the joints, to damage and failure during earthquakes seismic resilience of existing structures. GFRP poses significant challenges to structural integrity offers high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion and safety. Beam-column joints are critical zones resistance, and ease of installation, while NSM where lateral forces are concentrated, making technique allows for the efficient and reliable them susceptible to cracking, spalling, and even bonding of reinforcement materials to concrete collapse under seismic loading. Retrofitting elements. strategies aimed at enhancing the seismic performance of beam-column joints have therefore This paper provides a comprehensive review of the become a focal point in structural engineering state-of-the-art techniques for retrofitting beam- research and practice. column joints using GFRP and NSM methods. It aims to elucidate the fundamental principles, https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet 10 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ISSN – 2689-0984) VOLUME 06 ISSUE02 design considerations, and performance was systematically conducted using keywords enhancements associated with these retrofitting related to seismic retrofitting, GFRP, NSM, and strategies. By synthesizing the latest research beam-column joints. Relevant studies, research findings, case studies, and practical applications, papers, technical reports, and case studies were this review seeks to offer valuable insights into the identified based on their focus on retrofitting effectiveness, challenges, and future directions of strategies and seismic performance enhancement. GFRP and NSM retrofitting techniques for beam- Selection criteria were applied to ensure the column joints under seismic loading. inclusion of studies that specifically addressed the The review begins by examining the seismic use of GFRP and NSM techniques for retrofitting vulnerabilities of beam-column joints and the beam-column joints in seismic regions. Peer- critical role they play in the overall structural reviewed articles, conference papers, and technical response to earthquakes. It then discusses the reports published in reputable journals and principles and mechanisms underlying GFRP and conferences were prioritized for inclusion. NSM retrofitting methods, highlighting their Emphasis was placed on studies providing advantages in enhancing structural resilience and empirical data, numerical simulations, and field mitigating seismic risks. The review also addresses applications to offer a comprehensive key design considerations, including material understanding of retrofitting methodologies and properties, installation techniques, and their effectiveness. compatibility with existing structures. Data extraction involved systematically retrieving Furthermore, recent advancements in GFRP and information related to the principles, NSM retrofitting technologies are explored, methodologies, design considerations, material including innovative design approaches, material properties, installation techniques, and developments, and performance evaluation performance evaluation criteria associated with methods. Challenges and limitations associated GFRP and NSM retrofitting of beam-column joints. with the implementation of GFRP and NSM Key findings, conclusions, and insights from the techniques are also discussed, such as durability selected literature were synthesized thematically issues, bonding effectiveness, and cost to facilitate a structured analysis of retrofitting considerations. strategies and their implications for seismic resilience. Through a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature and case studies, this review aims to The synthesized literature was critically analyzed provide structural engineers, researchers, and to identify trends, challenges, innovations, and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding areas for future research in the field of beam- of the principles and applications of GFRP and NSM column joint retrofitting using GFRP and NSM retrofitting techniques for beam-column joints in techniques. Comparative assessments of different seismic regions. Ultimately, the insights gained retrofitting approaches, case studies from real- from this review can inform the development of world applications, and performance evaluations more resilient and sustainable infrastructure under seismic loading were examined to assess the systems capable of withstanding seismic hazards effectiveness and limitations of GFRP and NSM and ensuring the safety of communities in retrofitting methods. earthquake-prone areas. A systematic review of the existing literature was METHOD conducted to identify relevant