НАРУШЕНИЯ ПИТАНИЯ И ПИЩЕВАЯ ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ПРОБЛЕМУ

Аннотация

Distinguishing the criteria for distinguishing between the concepts of" eating disorder "and" food addiction " is one of the debates in psychiatry and the psychology of addictive behavior. Modern researchers distinguish two main areas of disagreement: 1) the perception of food addiction as addiction or behavioral addiction; 2) the difference in food addiction from established eating disorders. Key words: Eating disorders, food addiction, psychoactive substances, anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorders. НАРУШЕНИЯ ПИТАНИЯ И ПИЩЕВАЯ ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ПРОБЛЕМУ Аннотация. Разграничение критериев разграничения понятий «расстройство пищевого поведения» и «пищевая зависимость» является одной из дискуссий в психиатрии и психологии аддиктивного поведения. Современные исследователи выделяют два основных направления разногласий: 1) восприятие пищевой зависимости как зависимости или поведенческой зависимости; 2) отличие пищевой зависимости от устоявшихся расстройств пищевого поведения. Ключевые слова: Расстройства пищевого поведения, пищевая зависимость, психоактивные вещества, анорексия, булимия, компульсивное переедание. Introduction. According to ICD-11, Section 6 distinguishes "eating or eating disorders" (eating or eating disorders) diagnoses. One of the most common and food addiction-like disorders is anorexia nervosa (anorexia nervosa), bulimia (bulimia nervosa), overeating disorder (binge eating disorder), eating restriction prevention disorder (avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder) [1]. Consider the features of behavioral manifestations in eating disorders: 1) anorexia nervosa: an excessive low body weight is characteristic, the behavior is aimed at preventing the recovery of normal weight and is associated with reduced energy consumption (limiting food intake), cleansing behavior (self-vomiting, abuse of laxatives), increased energy consumption (performing excessive sports exercises), usually associated with fear of gaining weight [2-4]; 2) bulimia: characterized by episodes of frequent repeated overeating (for example, once a week or more often for at least a month), they are accompanied by a loss of subjective control over the quality or quantity of nutrition, nutrition; these episodes are accompanied by inappropriate compensatory behaviors aimed at preventing weight gain (for example, self-abuse, laxatives or enemas, physical activity) [5]; 8 29 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2024 VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ 3) overeating disorder: characterized by frequent, repetitive overeating episodes (for example, once a week or more often for several months), they are accompanied by negative emotions (feelings of guilt or disgust), but overeating episodes are not always accompanied by inappropriate compensatory behaviors aimed at preventing weight gain [6]. 4) food consumption restriction prevention disorder: eating enough or varied foods to meet adequate energy or nutritional needs, resulting in significant clinical weight loss, significant nutrient deficiencies, dependence on oral supplements or tube nutrition, or other adverse effects on a person's physical health [7]. The mechanisms of formation of eating disorders differ from addiction, but some similarities are noted in their neurochemical processes: increased levels of endogenous alkaloids of codeine and morphine [8-11]. Food addiction can manifest itself in two forms: overeating and fasting. In particular, overeating is defined as 1) eating more food than usual in discrete time intervals; 2) feeling of lack of Control; 3) eating food faster than usual; 4) continuing to eat food despite an uncomfortable feeling of satiety; 5) eating food, not eating food hungry, 6) having10 alone and 7) feeling self- loathing, depression or guilt after it [12]. The issue of classifying food dependence as chemical dependence (as psychoactive substances) or non-chemical (behavioral dependence) remains relevant. Korolenko Ts. P. and Dmitrieva N. V. according to overeating and fasting can be included in a special intermediate drug group, since, on the one hand, food contains chemicals, on the other hand, it is a necessary component of maintaining the functioning of the body, unlike psychoactive substances [13]. However, Hauck C, Cook B, Ellrott T. DSM-5 criteria can be used to identify food addiction, identifying substance use disorders: physical dependence, unsafe use, social problems, and control disorders. Modern research confirms that food addiction can meet both the criteria for substance dependence and the criteria for Substance Use Disorder [14]. A nationwide study in Germany found that increased food dependence in underweight individuals may be associated with a major eating disorder or other forms of eating disorder, including a sub-type of anorexia nervosa associated with overeating. The results of this study add a much needed context to the understanding that food addiction can be