ПРОСТОЕ НАСТОЯЩЕЕ ВРЕМЯ (Простое настоящее время)

Аннотация

This article explores information about THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE and its usage. Key words: present tense, person, units, verb, The Simple Present, I, he, she, do, does, don't, doesn't. ПРОСТОЕ НАСТОЯЩЕЕ ВРЕМЯ (Простое настоящее время) Аннотация. В данной статье рассматривается информация о ПРОСТОМ НАСТОЯЩЕМ ВРЕМЕНИ и его использовании. Ключевые слова: настоящее время, человек, единицы, глагол, простое настоящее время, я, он, она, делаю, делает, не делает, не делает. Simple Presentning 3-shaxs birlikdan tashqari barcha shakllari fe’lning asosiy shaklini, (infinitivning to yuklamasi tushirib qoldirilgan shaklini) qo‘yish bilan yasaladi. 3-shaxs birlikda fe’lning asosiy shakliga -s qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi: to work I (we, you, they) work, he works. 3-shaxs birlik qo‘shimchasi -s jarangli undosh tovushlar va unlilardan keyin [z], jarangsiz undosh tovushlardan keyin [s] deb o‘qiladi: He reads [ri:dz]. He sees [si:z]. He writes [raits]. 3-shaxs birlikda ss, ch, sh, x harflar (sirg‘aluvchi tovushlar) bilan tugagan fe’llarga -es qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi va [iz] deb o‘qiladi: I pass, he passes; I dress, he dresses; I teach, he teaches; 261 I wish, he wishes. Izoh: Oldida undosh harfi bo‘lgan -y harfi bilan tugagan fe’llarga 3-shaxs birlikda -es qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi va y harfi i harfiga aylanadi: I cry, he cries [kraiz]; I carry, he carries [kariz). Oldida unli harfi bo‘lgan y harfi bilan tugagan fe’llarga 3-shaxs birlikda umumiy qoida asosida -s qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi: I play, he plays [pleiz]. 3-shaxs birlikda to do, to go fe’llariga -es qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi: He goes, he does. 2. Boʻlishsiz shakli asosiy fe’lning oldiga do (does) yordamchi fe’lini va not inkor yuklamasini qo‘yish bilan yasaladi: Ega + do (does) + not + V I do not work. He does not work. 3. So‘roq shakli do yordamchi fe’lini (3-shaxs birlikda does) cgadan oldinga qo'yish bilan yasaladi: Do I work? Does he (she) work? Do Does + ega + V? 4. Og‘zaki nutqda quyidagi qisqartirmalar qo‘llaniladi: I don’t work. He (she, it) doesn't. We (you, they) don't. ODDIY HOZIRGI (SIMPLE PRESENT) ZAMONNING ISHLATILISHI: A. Simple Present odatiy, doimiy, egaga xos bo‘lgan yoki umuman yuz beradigan ish- harakatini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi (hozir emas): 1. The postman brings us the newspaper in the morning. 2. John walks to school every day. 3. The earth goes round the sun. 4. An atheist doesn't believe in God. 5. What does this word mean? He lives in Tashkent. 6. He speaks French well. B. Ingliz tilida davom zamonlarda ishlatilmaydigan to see, to recognize, to want, to understand kabi fe’llar bor. Bunday fe’llar bilan hozir, gapirilayotgan paytda davom etayotgan ish harakatni ifodalash uchun Present Continuous emas, Simple Present ishlatiladi: I see a ship in the distance. 262 Don’t talk so loudly, I hear you well. I don't understand this sentence. C. If agar, unless agar...-masa, provided that bo‘lsa, shartda, when -da, paytida, before oldin, until -maguncha, till -gacha as soon as -gach, as long as -da kabi bog‘lovchilar bilan bog‘langan shart va payt ergash gaplarda Simple Present Simple Future oʻrnida kelasi zamondagi ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi: If he comes, I shall ask him about it. I shall go there unless it rains. I shall stay here until he returns. We shall send you the documents as soon as we receive them from London. D. Harakatni (qatnovni) ifodalaydigan to leave jo‘namoq, tark etmoq, to start boshlamoq, to sail suzib ketmoq, to return qaytib kelmoq, to arrive yetib kelmoq, to go bormoq, to come kelmoq kabi fe’llar bilan Simple Present kelasi zamondagi ish-harakatni ifodalaydi. Bunda kelasi zamonni ko‘rsatuvchi payt holi bo‘lishi kerak: Does your brother arrive on Monday? The steamer sails tomorrow. Xulosa qilib aytganda, Simple Present—hozirgi zamon hisoblanib odatiy ish harakatlar, har doim takrorlanib turadigan ish-harakatlarni ifodalashda ishlatiladi. Bu maqolada bu zamon shaklining ishlatil yo‘llari ham ko‘rsatilib o‘tildi.