The first women journalists in the history of the uzbek press

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the study and research of the life and creative work of the first Uzbek journalists. The article examines various sources that contain biographical data of the first Uzbek journalists. Key words: Uzbek press, female journalism, pioneering, journalistic activity. The history of the formation of women's journalism in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan begins its countdown from the beginning of the last century. The women's press, as many characterize it in Europe, was born on the territory of modern Uzbekistan thanks to the names of several outstanding and fearless women of the Uzbek people, among whom we can list the names of Nozimahonim, Sobir Kholdarova, Nelya Attaulaeva. The courage and fearlessness shown by the above- mentioned daughters and a number of other women journalists laid the foundation for the spread of interest in journalism among the female masses of Uzbekistan. Nozimahonim (1870 - Tashkent - 1924) is a poetess. She is the first journalist- publicist among Uzbek women, who studied Tatar, Arabic and Persian languages. She followed on regular basis the press that appeared in Orenburg and Kazan. Familiar with European literature and culture, enjoyed the ideas of nobility. He read Uzbek and Persian classical literature, especially the works of Saadi and Hafiz. Her poems and articles had been published in the press since 1900. At the age of 20, the poetess became known as "Nozimakhanim of Beshyagoch". Her poems and verses promoting progress, enlightenment and culture, her works exposing ignorance, heresy and superstition, her sharp comic poems expressing the sharp protest against social inequality and the growing national tyranny of that time are regularly published in newspapers such as "Shuhrat", "Sadoyi Turkistan", "Taraqqi". The poetess supported the national liberation movement of the working people, composed works about the role and place of women in society, and demanded the national and human rights of the Uzbek woman who violated ignorance and oppression. 288 “Media. Til va madaniyat. Tarjima” talabalar ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi - 2023 “She was by nature merciless towards injustice”. This is how researcher Markhamat Alimova described the character of Nozimahonim in her book “The History of Women in the Press of Uzbekistan”. [1] Nozimahonim was born on Beshagach and later became the first female publicist. She grew up in an atmosphere of learning. Her father, Mulla Said Ahmad, being a representative of the intelligentsia, educated his daughter first in an old- method school (Islamic - ed.), and then in a Russian-native school for girls. She learned Arabic, Persian, Tatar and Russian. Historian Begali Kosimov wrote that Nozimahon left a big mark on the desire of women in Uzbekistan to liberalize their role in society [2]. The poetess's poems and articles are written in a high, lyrical style. In them, she defended the right of women to education and participation in the public life of Turkestan, and also questioned inequality in family relationships. “How nice it is that the night of tyranny is over” she expressed hope in the poem “Afsus” (“Remorse” - from Uzbek), which was published in the Tarakkiy newspaper. In 1915, Nozimahonim came out with a response to the poem “On keeping girls and women in burqas,” in which girls without burqas were equated with women of easy virtue. During her creative work, Nozimahonim was published in several Jadid publications. However, a little more than 20 poems have pulled through, wrote Begali Kosimov. In addition to her journalistic activities, Nozimahonim was an otin (the so- called teachers, reciters of the Koran, who taught girls - ed.). The poet and publicist lived only 54 years. Unlike Nozimahonim, Sobira Holdarova received a professional journalistic education. Most of the Jadids who laid the foundation of the Uzbek national press did not have in-depth knowledge of journalism, which cannot be said about their students, including Holdarova. A native of the city of Chust, she was sent to an orphanage at the age of 13 and completed a literacy course in six months. A year later, Sobira, dressed in a burqa, began teaching in the mahallas of Kokand. From 1923 to 1925, she took pedagogical courses at the “Xotin-qizlar Bilim Yurti” institution. Sobira Holdarova was only 17 289 years old when she became one of the editors of the Soviet newspaper “Yangi Yo’l” (New Path in Uzbek). On November 3, 1924, a women’s rally against inequality was held in the old city of Tashkent. That day, Sobira Holdarova defiantly took off her burqa and became a member of the Communist Party. That day was born in mind not only for the publ ic protest, but also for the wedding. Sobira married the intellectual of her time, Saidakhmad Nazarov. The wedding was held in the spirit of internationalism.From that moment on, Sobira Holdarova's career took off. The girl worked in a publication during the day and taught in the evenings. For the Yangi Yul new