МЕСТО НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В НАШЕ ВРЕМЯ

Аннотация

Experts of the Global Industry Analysis company reported that Japan, the USA and the European Union are leaders in the world of nanotechnology. The reason is that these countries plan to invest the largest amount in the development of nanotechnology. Key words: Manipulator, computer programs, radio receiver, spacecraft, development of nanotechnology, nanomechanical structures, nano-factory, nano-sized objects, nanomanipulators, nanorobots. МЕСТО НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В НАШЕ ВРЕМЯ Аннотация. Эксперты компании Global Industry Analysis сообщили, что Япония, США и Евросоюз являются лидерами в мире нанотехнологий. Причина в том, что именно эти страны планируют инвестировать наибольшие суммы в развитие нанотехнологий. Ключевые слова: Манипулятор, компьютерные программы, радиоприемник, космический аппарат, развитие нанотехнологий, наномеханические конструкции, нанофабрики, наноразмерные объекты, наноманипуляторы, нанороботы. The experts of the Global Industry Analysis company reported that the countries of Japan, the USA and the European Union are leaders in the world of nanotechnology. The reason is that these countries plan to invest the largest amount in the development of nanotechnology. In particular, for research and production in the field of nanotechnology, the Japanese government plans to invest more than 6 billion dollars, the United States 5.6 billion dollars, and the European Union countries 4.5 billion dollars in 2006-2010. There are reports that Russia plans to allocate 8 billion dollars for the development of nanotechnology by 2011. I think that it is necessary to publish the magazine "Nanotechnology" in our country and provide detailed information about the achievements in this field. Returning to the topic, according to science historian Richard Booker, the history of nanotechnology lighting is very complicated for two reasons. First of all, this concept itself is vague, for example, the concept of nanotechnology often does not fit into the scope of the usual technology term. Secondly, since ancient times, mankind has unknowingly tried to experiment with nanotechnology. Charles Poole, author of the book "Introduction to Nanotechnology", gives an example of this idea: in the British Museum there is a "Lycurgus Cup" made by ancient Roman craftsmen (the cup depicts scenes from the life of the great Spartan law creator), which contains microscopic particles of gold and silver added to the glass. When the cup is illuminated in different ways, its color changes from dark-red to pure gold. Similar technologies were used in the Middle Ages in European churches to make stained-glass windows. There are views that the Greek philosopher Democritus is the "father" of nanotechnology. He first used the Greek word "atom" ("indivisible") 400 years ago to describe the smallest particle of matter. In 1661, the Irish chemist Robert Boyle in his article criticizes Aristotle's view that everything on Earth is composed of four elements - water, earth, fire and air (the philosophical basis of alchemy, chemistry and physics of that time). According to Boyle, all 5 2 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2024 VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ things are made up of "corpuscles" of very small parts, the various combinations of which form various substances and objects. put forward the view that Later, the ideas of Democritus and Boyle were recognized by scientists. Perhaps the first breakthrough in nanotechnology of the current world occurred when the American inventor George Isman invented photographic film in 1883. The following events also have an important place in the world of nanotechnology. - In 1905, the Swiss physicist Albert Einstein published his article based on the fact that the size of a sugar molecule is about 1 nanometer: - 1931 year. German physicists Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska invented the electron microscope, which made it possible to study the nanoworld for the first time; - 1968. Employees of the scientific department of the American "Bell" company, Alfred Cho and John Arthur, created the theoretical foundations of nanotechnology in surface treatment; - 1974. In fact, 10 levels of atoms and molecules have 9 dimensions. The suffix "nano" means 9 to the 10th degree, thus the term "nanotechnology" appeared. The Japanese physicist Norio Taniguchi introduced the word "nanotechnology" into science as a scientific term and proposed to name the mechanisms smaller than one micron. ; - 1981. German physicists Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer made a microscope that could show individual atoms; - 1985. American physicists Robert Kerl, Harold Crowe and Richard Smiley have a diameter of one nanometer they created a technology that can accurately measure the objects; - 1986. Nanotechnology became known to the general public. American Futurologist Eric Drexler's book is out of print and it predicts the rapid development of nanotechnology in the near future was done; - 1989.