Use of emphatic constructions in translation

Аннотация

To give speech more expressiveness and emotional coloring, various language techniques can be used. Most often such techniques include emphatic constructions. This article aims to investigate to recognize what emphatic constructions are, their role in spoken language and how they are being utilized in translation. Key words: emotional, speech, language, expressive, expressiveness, emphase, lexical, grammatical, sentence, word, inversion, translating. One of the phenomena causing difficulties in translation are emphatic constructions. The emotional coloring and expressiveness of the texts are created by various emphatic means. “Emphasis. By emphasis, we undertake to inform the recipient of the message that what we try to say, often among all things we already expressed, is the most important to know or must be paid closest attention”.48 (by Juan Claudio S. Castro) The word "emphase" is of Greek origin and translates as "expressiveness." Under this concept, the means of various levels of the language are used, which are used to give speech expressiveness and brightness. Without emphases, speech would be dry, empty, unemotional, more like a robot’s speech. Any language has in its stock a number of tools that play the role of amplification, that is, emphase. In English, emphatic means can be divided into: - grammatical, using grammatical means for this purpose; - lexical, using certain lexical means to give the utterance an emotional coloring, that is, words and phrases; - lexical-grammatical, that is, simultaneously using lexical and grammatical means. The most common grammatical means of expressing emphase is inversion. Inversion (from Latin inversio — inversion, permutation) is a violation of the usual word order in a sentence. Inversion can be used in a number of cases. 1. When amplifying and emphasizing the meaning of a minor sentence term 48 Emphatic Constructions in English by Juan Claudio S. Castro 194 “Media. Til va madaniyat. Tarjima” talabalar ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi - 2023 (usually circumstances), the highlighted sentence term, together with the amplifying word preceding it, is brought forward and placed before the subject, which entails the inversion of the predicate: They will realize the importance of Они поймут важность его his work only in the course of time. работы только со временем. Here is the usual word order: subject - predicate - complement - circumstance. However: Only in the course of time will they Только со временем они поймут realize the importance of his work. важность его работы. Here is the inversion: the amplifying word - circumstance - the 1st part of the predicate - the subject - the 2nd part of the predicate - the complement. When translating emphatic constructions in English, special attention must be paid to the element that takes on the “shock part” of emphase. In the first case, the inverted sentence should be translated as: “I will never forget this day!”. In the second case: "This day I will never forget!". In both cases, what comes to the fore is what the speaker considers most important. Often this is further emphasized by intonation. Other examples: No Inversion: This is a lovely picture. - This is a wonderful picture. Inverted: Lovely is this picture! - This picture is just wonderful! No Inversion: She will understand you only when it's too late. “She will understand you only when it is too late.” Inverted: Only when it's too late will she understand you. “Only when it is too late will she understand you.” Typically, the following words are used for inversion: Only только not only ... but also не только ..., но также и so ... that так ... что hardly (scarcely). . . when едва ... как no sooner . . . than как только Never никогда Nowhere нигде 195 “Media. Til va madaniyat. Tarjima” talabalar ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi - 2023 Nobody никто not until только, только тогда, когда Nor не; а также ... не, и ... Neither ни один; а также neither ... nor ни . ни . In the following examples, the predicate consists of two or three parts, with the first part of the predicate standing before the subject, and the second after it. Only in two cases can we _ find a Только в двух случаях мы находим similar construction. подобную конструкцию. Only from this point of view is it Только с этой точки зрения possible to approach the problem. возможно подойти к этой проблеме. If the predicate is expressed by one semantic verb (i.e., if this verb stands in Present or Past Indefinite), and the selection of the circumstance requires the inversion of the predicate, then the auxiliary verb “to do” is put in place of the first part of the predicate (before the subject) in the required tense, person and number. Only in one paper did we find Только в одной работе мы нашли confirmation of our theory. подтверждение нашей теории. Please note that the auxiliary verb do, used when inverting the predicate, is not translated into Russian. 2. To strengthen the statement expressed by the predicate in the