Современные тенденции перевода

Аннотация

Ko‘p yillar davomida tarjimashunoslik xalqlar orasidagi ijtimoiy, ilmiy va siyosiy munosabatlar jarayonlarni takomillashishida katta ahamiyat kasb etgan. Xalqlar o‘rtasidagi fikrlar almashinuvida va ikki tomonlama hamkorlikda tarjima katta o‘rin egallagan. Hozir texnologiya davrida bo‘lishimizga qaramasdan, bizning tarjimonlarga bo‘lgan ehtiyojimiz katta va tarjimonlardan zamonaviy tarjima metodlaridan unumli foydalanish talab qilinadi. Kalit so‘zlar: sharh, metod, tekst, texnologiya, konteks, practica, terminalogiya, tarjimon Aннотация. На протяжении многих столетий перевод играл важную роль между народами в области культуры, бизнеса,политики. В эти годы больше внимания уделяется моральным и культурным аспектам языка. Даже сейчас, в век технологий, где большая часть переводческих работ выполняется с помощью Google Translator, существует потребность в переводчиках выполнять работу по сферах экономических, культурных и социальных связей между странам. Ключевые слова: обзор, методы, текст, технология, контекст, практика, терминалогия, переводчик. Annotation. Translation is a deliberate activity which brings nations and countries together. With the help of translation, countries and communities foster their relationships, exchanging information in terms of culture, education, arts and literature. Through many years, ways of translation and methods have evolved in order to convey to the audience. In the beginning of twenties centur, scientists had different opinions concerning word-for-word or sense-for-sense methods. In this article, translation theories used in the past, new methods we are using nowadays, their potential benefits also flows will be looked through. Key words: review, method, text, documents, technology, context, practice, terminology, translator. In the early ages, translation methods were used in the propaganda of different beliefs, laying foundation for the further development of translation which paved the way for establishment of translation schools in Asia and Europe. Translation was a means of cross cultural communication among two sides to foster relationships and exchanging ideas. Translation Studies (TS) has been flourishing since 1970s in the world. However, this discipline has grown further 566 “Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar va o‘qitish metodikasi” mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman only in many developed countries, such as the USA, the UK, Australia, and European countries. In Asia, translation methods has developed in China and several Arab countries. A quarter century ago, the renowned poet and translator Robert Bly (1983) wrote a book that he titled The Eight Stages of Translation. While focused on poetry, the book is instructive in helping us understand current trends in the translation of professional communication. Grouped together, the eight stages constitute the following list: The literal translation The pursuit of problematic detail and ambiguity. 3. Adjusting the target text with an idiomatic ear to the tone of the target language. 5. Adjusting the target text with an idiomatic ear turned back to the tone of the source language. 6. Attending to the sound patterns apparent in the source language and equivalent in the target language. 7. Passing the review of a native speaker of the source language who knows the target language well. 4. Polishing the text with a view to earlier drafts and other translators’ versions. It is now commonly observed (Anderman/Rogers 2003, Hutchins 2004, Pérez 2003, Wagner 2003) that advances in machine translation are allowing computers, using programs like Systran, to give translators a head start by taking a text through the first two translation stages and now even the third. Computer software, like Trados, is helping translators work much more rapidly through the middle stages as well. Today, translators commonly use controlled language, in which translated phrases have received prior approval as accurate. They employ single-sourcing software to reuse these phrases in new or updated documents. Software for guided authoring or structured authoring helps them insert new phrasing where reused phrases are not yet available or are inappropriate for the context. Achieving full and complete memory is paramount: translation memory is at the heart of automated language translation. To facilitate memory, the translation community is now contending with the need for standards. Indeed, the Localization Industry Standards Association (LISA) is at work developing standards for translation memory exchange for document content. With the rapid developments taking place, one has to wonder if, before long, automated language translation will take texts through the first six or even seven of Bly’s eight stages leaving human translators to tinker with the last stage of removing unidiomatic blemishes. Anticipating automated machine translation (MT) of most of Bly’s eight stages is nothing new. In 1999, at a symposium on translati