Важность индуктивного подхода в преподавании грамматики

Аннотация

Грамматика играет важную роль в обучении иностранным языкам. В недалеком прошлом преподавание грамматики рассматривалось как основной способ изучения иностранного языка, особенно в школах. Преподаватели преподавали эту область в основном с использованием GTM (метода перевода грамматики). Если мы посмотрим на последние годы, то увидим, что грамматические структуры были представлены непосредственно в учебниках, так что учащиеся сначала усваивали правила языка, прежде чем использовать их в своей речи. Однако сегодня новый обновленный учебный процесс требует от учителей разработки новых стратегий преподавания грамматики иностранного языка. Таким образом, в процессе обучения раскрываются два фундаментальных подхода: индуктивный подход и дедуктивный подход. В данной научной статье подробно определяются эти подходы и обрисовывается влияние индуктивного подхода в FLT, а именно, к изложению грамматики. Annotation. Grammar plays an important role in teaching foreign languages. In the near past, teaching grammar was seen as the basic way of acquiring foreign language especially at schools. This field was taught mostly using GTM (Grammar Translation Method) by the teachers. If we look at recent years, we can see that Grammar structures were presented directly in textbooks so that the learners obtained the rules of language first before using it in their speech. However, today 364 “Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar va o‘qitish metodikasi” mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman new updated teaching process requires the teachers to come up with the new strategies in teaching foreign language grammar. In this way the two fundamental approaches are revealed in teaching process, inductive approach and deductive approach. This scientific article defines these approaches throughly and outlines the influence of inductive approach in FLT, namely, to presenting grammar. Key words: inductive approach, deductive approach, grammar, grammar rules, teaching. It is proven that grammar makes a significant role in any language. Grammar takes a fundamental place in the use of English since it ranges into the process of manipulating and combining words or bits of words in order to form longer units of meaning (Ur,1996). As focused on communicative usage, grammar determines how words are arranged to form meaningful units (Coghill, 2003). “Grammar is partly the study of forms (or structures) are possible in a language. Thus, grammar is a description of the rules that govern how a language’s sentences are formed“. Harmer (1987:1) defines grammar that “The grammar of a language is what happens to words when they become plural or negative, or what word order is used when we make questions or join two clauses to make one sentence”. Among the effective approaches to the teaching of English grammar, inductive approach is one of the indispensable approaches to the teaching of English grammar. Inductive approach as a process where learners discover the grammar rules themselves by examining the examples. In an inductive approach it is also possible to use a context for grammar rules. The inductive approach in teaching grammar is a discovery learning approach without teaching grammatical rules directly but let students discover them during the learning experience in terms of using the target language. For example, the students can discover the rules while playing games, singing songs or different activities and exercises. There are many advantages of using inductive approach in teaching grammar. First of all, students become more enthusiastic and active to understand and discover the rules. Besides that, it is learning- centered approach and teacher can attract the student’s attention. In addition to this, students can understand the lessons easily and deeply. They can independently improve their knowledge, form, and meaning of the grammar pattern based on their own experience. According to Nunan (1999) during the process if learners are given a chance to engage with the grammar items themselves, they can understand profoundly and memorise the grammar rules easily. Thera are several advantages of inductive approach. Such as learners discover rules themselves. In this way the learner remembers the rules well. Beside that, students are more effectively involved in the learning process, rather than passive and boring recipients. 365 “Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar va o‘qitish metodikasi” mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman According to Thornbury (1999), the class where students involve in the lesson actively is quite reasonable since it provides more comfortable and motivating environment for them. He also remarks that an inductive teaching supply more profund knowledge of language as learners’ study cognitive in order to discover the rules. It has been pointed out that when learners take place in the learning process actively so as to discover the rules, they develop their authonotmy which makes th