Литературное творчество в арабских странах Персидского залива

Аннотация

In this article, the role of women in the family and society in the Gulf Arab countries, which constitute a significant part of Arab storytelling, is expressed. Also, in the works of Gulf writers, it is mentioned that women are represented as equal members of society, that is, society. Key words: Khalij Arab countries, literary creativity, society, equality, interpersonal relations, universal values, "oppressed oriental woman", 20th century, Qatar, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain. The problem of women’s freedom, rights and their place in society has been one of the most important complex issues in the Arab East since the 19th century, that is, from the new era. Although this problem arose in the Arab Gulf countries from the beginning of the XX th century, it became especially relevant in the second half of this century, and women writers flourished and found expression in their works. This situation made it necessary to approach them from a socio- cultural point of view when analyzing the work of women, and in turn gave an opportunity to cover the women’s problem more widely in literature. Because the works of artists who are representatives of national culture allow to reliably 124 “Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar va o‘qitish metodikasi” mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman analyze the changes that took place in the XX th century in the fate of the Arab woman, including the Gulf woman. It is known that at the end of the IX th and the beginning of the XX th century, reformist and enlightened writers such as Butrus Bostani, Qasim Amin, Hafiz Ibrahim, Maruf Rusafi faced many obstacles in their struggle for the social and spiritual freedom and equal rights of Arab women, because they believed that the development and prosperity of women in society they firmly believed that it was dependent instead of held. Educating women was considered a useful and necessary activity for society and for the education of young people. Of course, in different countries, the question of the role of a woman in society, the elimination of the customs that prevailed over the centuries and crushed her spiritually without recognizing her as a person, took place in different ways, and this issue arose from socio-historical specificity. For example, in the Arab countries of the Gulf, the Arab countries of the East and the Maghreb, the issue of emancipation of women started much later. In Kuwait and Bahrain, the first half of the XX th century ended, and in other Gulf countries, Qatar, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates, it began in the second half of the XX th century. But this process is happening rapidly and intensively in the Gulf countries. Some Gulf women writers like Fawziya Rasheed, Huda Naimi, Sheikha Nahi, Fatima Yusuf Ali and others took a more drastic approach to this problem in order to present women as equal members of society, that is, as society. And they chose to use the same creativity as a herald to present their problems. These factors led to the development of women’s creativity, including women’s story-writing, and ensured that the names of many authors appeared in the literary field. For example, the Kuwait Writers Association has more women writers than men. The need to educate women, ensure their equal rights, create conditions for opening their creative and social potential and use it effectively in society has begun to be understood even in the most conservative Arab society. But due to the pressure of traditional customs and customs, the fact that her life should always be managed by men, i.e. father, husband, brothers, it is not easy for the Gulf woman to get out of the social life and live in the comfort within four walls. That is why the topics devoted to this problem are taking a fixed place in the work of writers. These themes permeated all Arabic writings on women’s issues throughout the XX th century. However, the work of Gulf writers has its own uniqueness and continues to raise the issue of polygamy, a topic that has almost disappeared from other Arab literature. From the analysis of our recent studies, it is known that they are still considered a "closed" topic, and they boldly highlight the delicate (intimate) relations between a woman and a man, necessary for family life, through their works, and openly express their personal, intimate consciousness and feelings. In Gulf countries, the situation of living apart from social life is gradually disappearing for women, they are studying at universities, working in journalism, 125 “Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar va o‘qitish metodikasi” mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman education, and state institutions. Their participation in the social and political life of the country is increasing. All these are expressed in the works of Gulf writers. Writers of the Gulf started their creations from the 70s of the 20th century with the theme of "oppressed eastern woman", and on the eve of the 2