Survey of IoT application layer protocols

Аннотация

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an extension of the existing Internet that allows Internet contacts, interaction and manipulation between various devices and physical objects. At the same time, for the interaction of intelligent sensors without human intervention, it is represented by a new class of applications. In addition, IoT has a wide range of life applications such as industry, transportation, logistics, healthcare, smart environment and urban information. In the near future, IoT is expected to combine various technologies to create new applications that connect all physical objects to support intelligent decision making. This article provides an overview of popular IoT application layer protocols, including MQTT, JMS, XMPP, AMQP, DDS, and CoAP. A protocol comparison table will be presented to assist researchers in selecting application layer protocols for their subject area. 1 INTRODUCTION and the penetration of the Internet of Things into various sectors has been fast and disruptive. In the next decade, the depth of influence and the speed of adoption of IoT The Internet of Things refers to a system in which technology will grow. The depth of influence and the speed inanimate objects automatically collect and exchange data of adoption of IoT technology will be enormous. over wireless networks. They can also be described as the act In this article, we will present a comparative analysis of of connecting various gadgets and objects such as smart TVs. several IoT application layer communication protocols. The Smart sensors provide a new form of communication second part of the chapter will introduce application layer between objects and people. The Internet of Things (IoT) is protocols, the third chapter will describe analyzes and one of the most popular terms in today's world. The Internet comparisons of application layer protocols. And in of Things is the expansion and growth of Internet-based conclusion, by discussion, comparative characteristics and networks. It is a vast network formed by connecting to it further research in this area will be presented. various devices that own information, which allows people, machines and objects to be connected at any time and in any 2 OVERVIEW OF IOT APPLICATION place. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most constructive forms of wireless communication in the 21st LAYER PROTOCOLS century. Today, IoT technology plays an important role in people's lives, and its use is changing our lives, making it a. MQTT easier and more convenient[1]. The IoT is having a MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport) is a data disruptive impact on this and is becoming a significant driver exchange protocol between publishers and subscribers, of innovation and success in the industry. In recent years, which was developed in 1999 specifically for the Internet of with the rapid development of IoT devices, these things. MQTT is based on the idea of sending small applications have become increasingly important. In the IoT messages, such as sensor readings, between devices. When environment, all devices can be connected to the Internet, creating the MQTT protocol, the limitations of industrial In this mode, a JMS message is delivered exactly once, networks, such as low bandwidth and communication and it's considered persistent (sent with JMSDeliveryMode instability, were mainly taken into account. set to PERSISTENT). This mode offers the highest reliability. The message is stored on the MOM server (e.g., IBM IoT MessageSight) until it is successfully sent to all subscribers of the message. The message remains stored until acknowledgment is received from each subscriber, ensuring that it is not lost during the process. These two persistence levels allow developers to choose the appropriate trade-off between speed and reliability based Figure 1. Architecture of the MQTT protocol. on the specific requirements of their messaging applications. The main features of the MQTT protocol: • Lightness, compactness, high throughput to reduce energy costs; • Asynchrony to serve a large number of devices; • Isolation of clients for ease of network scaling; • Stability for work in conditions of unstable connection; • Support for multiple QoS levels for message prioritization. The transmitted messages differ in the degree of importance, which is determined by the QoS (Quality of Service) level flag in its structure. The MQTT protocol supports 3 levels of QoS: Figure 2. IoT protocol structure • QoS 0 – the message is delivered no more than once. If unsuccessful, the message is lost. • QoS 1 – the message is delivered at least once. Sending c. XMPP is repeated until confirmation is received from the recipient. XMPP, which stands for Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol, is a standard for instant messaging (IM) • QoS 2 - message delivery is performed only once. If developed by the Jabber open-source community under the there are problems on the MQTT link, delivery is delayed. IETF (Internet En