LINGUOCULTURAL FEATURES OF LEXICAL UNITS IN UZBEK LANGUAGE

Аннотация

This article discusses the fact that any language indirectly reflects the culture, traditions, worldview, and way of thinking of the people of that language. In addition, the problems that arise in the process of translation of a text belonging to one language to another language related or not related to this language are also discussed. The reasons for the occurrence of such problems and ways to eliminate them are shown. In addition, the article analyzes the associative meanings of lexemes such as atala, mahalla, romol, pilaf related to the national and cultural values of the Uzbek people. Keywords: lacuna, association, national-cultural unity, linguoculturology, associative meaning, associative field, synonymous relationship, whole-part relationship. Introduction National and cultural characteristics are reflected in different ways in linguistic units. In some The question of the relationship between words, the cultural seme lives side by side with the language and culture is very complex and lexical meaning. Such a cultural component, observed controversial. No matter how scientists interpret this in the lexical meaning of the word, is called problem, for linguistics, in particular the national-cultural component of the word. linguoculturology, it is important to determine the (Karimovna, 2019). Or cultural and historical reflection in the language of culture and the human component (Ashirbaev, 2020). In some units, the factor in this. According to T.Enazarov, “the term cultural component is realized due to their figurative language and culture is usually understood as the meaning. For example, due to the fact that explanation of a particular culture with the help of phraseological units reflect reality with the help of a language, or, conversely, of this or that language figurative meaning, they directly reflect a national and through the study of culture...” (Enazarov, 2021) cultural characteristic. In Uzbek lexemes do‘ppi, In the language system, a special group beshik, atlas (mato), yaktak, belbog’, karnay-surnay, includes linguistic units with a "pronounced" national nog‘ora, the cultural seme is realized together with trait that reflects the cultural values of the people. Such their lexical meaning. Such lexemes directly indicate units testify to ethnic, socio-cultural views, the characteristics of the Uzbek people, its national communicative norms of a certain people. Linguistic customs. Likewise, the cultural seme is realized in the units combining such extra-linguistic information are Russian lexeme samovar or the Kazakh called national-cultural units. word beshbarmoq. Such units are formed historically, In linguistics, national-cultural units are play an important role in the cultural life of the people, denoted by the terms linguocultureme, linguo-specific they are not found in other languages. In linguistics, words, culturally determined vocabulary, cultural they are called non-equivalent vocabulary or realities concept, non-equivalent vocabulary, lacuna, realia, (Hasanov A. M., 2021) exotic vocabulary. The study uses the term national- In the language system, there are also such cultural unit, which is widely used in Uzbek lexemes that, in a certain speech situation, rise to the linguistics. level of a national-cultural unit. According to As you know, different cultures never M.Umurzakova, “all derived meanings of words are completely coincide with each other. Due to this, it is culturally oriented national meanings. However, the quite natural that linguistic units that convey national main meaning of a word can also be considered a and cultural phenomena may not coincide. The culturally oriented national meaning if there is no cultural values of the people are represented in the equivalent of this word in another language” linguistic unit as “a cultural trace in the image of the national word”.[2] National-cultural words are units (Umurzakova, 2020) And indeed, if the figurative meaning is formed with the help of native speakers, that reflect the national identity of the and it reflects the idea of the universe, it is appropriate language. According to V.N.Telia, language paints to talk about the cultural seme in a figurative through the system of its meanings and their meaning. Therefore, the following types of national- associations the conceptual model of the world in cultural lexemes can be distinguished: 1. Units with a national and cultural colors, and the national-cultural national-cultural seme. 2. Units with a national- units of the language further concretize these colors cultural characteristic in a certain speech situation. and contribute to the differentiation of national In linguistics, starting from the end of the differences in different languages. twentieth century, national and cultural units begin to stand out in a separate group and are studied in an associative direction. This problem in Russian cultural Seme. This seme provides an associative linguistics has risen to