RELATION OF MORPHEMA TO LEXEMA

Аннотация

Morpheme (Greek morphe – form) is a linguistic unit that has a certain form and meaning, is not divided into other parts by meaning, and serves for the formation of a word (lexeme) or the formation of a word form. Morphemes in the Uzbek language are mostly in the state of affix (see). For example-chi (kurashchi), -shunos (siyosatshunos), -q(qator), - ki(tepki), - li(aqlli), chan(ishchan), -la(tuzla), -illa(taqilla), lar(bolalar), -roq(kattaroq), -mtir(qoramtir), etc. Morphemes by their main function are divided into 2 types; word formers, word formers. Word-forming morphemes are used to form new lexemes and play an important role in enriching the lexical layer of the Uzbek language. Word-forming morphemes form an additional meaning-forming form of the word. For example, trees (the plural form of the word tree), higher (the degree form of the word high), yellow (the diminutive form of the word yellow), came (the past tense form of the first person singular of the verb to come) and others. Morphemes are not used independently, do not express a linguistic meaning, but serve only to form lexical and grammatical meanings of the word. An affix is a morpheme that is not used independently, dependent, attached to the nucleus, serving to express various meanings associated with the lexical and grammatical features of the nucleus. The fact that a word is a whole formed by the unity of parts interconnected in meaning clearly shows that the meaning expressed by it, arising from the meaning of morphemes of the same composition, from their totality, is very closely related to the meaning of affixes. INTRODUCTION who are both theoretical and practical sources for all- Turkish linguistics. it is impossible not to remember their work. At the beginning of the 20th century - the Some literatures divide morphemes into two: period of formation of Uzbek scientific linguistics, basic morpheme, affixal morpheme. This is especially there are many authors who contributed to the true in traditional linguistics. “An affix is a morpheme theoretical development of linguistics, such as Fitrat, that is not used independently, but is attached to the Elbek, Ghozi Olim Yunusov, Ashurali Zahiri, Abdulla stem, and serves to express different meanings related Avloni, Shorasul Zunnun. along with devoted Uzbek to the lexical and grammatical features of the stem. scientists E.D. Polivanov, N.F. Katanov, V.V. Radlov, The fact that a word is a whole formed from the unity P.G. Ivanov, S.E. Malov, Yu. Sokolov, V.A. of interconnected semantic parts, that the meaning it Gordlevsky, Sh.F. Baskakov, A.A. Yuldashev, A.M. expresses is derived from the meaning of the Herbak, A.K. Borovkov, A.N. Kononov, V.V. morphemes in that composition, from the sum of them, Reshetov, Many other peoples, like S.N. Ivanov, are is very closely connected with the core of affixes. Turkologists it is necessary to mention the names of clearly shows that. Affixes have a number of features scientists. The main part of our scientists thought in terms of external - formal aspects, meanings, about the issues related to the formation of words in functions and applications ”[4.77]. This aspect is a Uzbek linguistics. This situation has been the cause of view that morphemes should be studied in relation to many discussions to this day. For this reason, we the lexeme. A morpheme, regardless of whether it means a accepted the aspects related to morpheme and concept, has a definite form, while a lexeme should also morphology of the linguist scientist Sh. serve as a meaning to denote a concept. A morpheme is the Rakhmatullayev as the relevance of the topic. main post-lexeme unit of a linguistic construct that serves to express grammatical meaning, unlike a lexeme. Because the MATERIALS AND METHODS order of the language sections is based on this. While the lexeme serves the dictionary as a linguistic term from the Although a morpheme does not mean a outside, it is also an object of morphology when it comes to concept independently, it has a definite form, and a the manifestation of the internal capabilities of the language. lexeme must serve meaning as well as a concept. A On this basis, the lexeme performs the main function in the morpheme is the basic unit of language construction representation of morphemes. after a lexeme and, unlike a lexeme, serves to express grammatical meaning. Because the layout LITERATURE REVIEW of the linguistics departments is based on this. Although a lexeme Uzbek theoretical linguistics, which began to externally serves as a linguistic term for a dictionary, form on a scientific basis in the first quarter of the 20th it is also an object of morphology in terms of century, has become a component of world modern expressing the internal capabilities of a language. In linguistics. Uzbek linguistics has a long history as an this case, the lexeme plays a key role in the independent branch of Turkic linguistics. When manifestation of morphemes. thinking about the hist