The Category of Opposition and its Linguistic Nature

Аннотация

The article discusses the logical and philosophical aspect of the opposition category, its linguistic nature, the interpretations of the semantic opposition category given by Uzbek and Russian linguists, and their controversial issues. In addition, the role of semantic opposition in the lexical system of the language, its connection with other lexical-semantic relations is studied. 1 INTRODUCTION It is known that the relationships between antonymy with other phenomena in the lexical system, things, events, processes, etc. are as real as the things, in particular, the categories of synonymy and events, and processes themselves [20]. Opposition is polysemy, antonymic relations in derivational characterized as the highest manifestation of such paradigms, specific antonymy interpretation within relations. As language, as one of the living forms of the word group and antonymy of grammatical units, existence, reflects the phenomena of existence, the etc. In addition, the study of antonymy in various role of the category of opposition in language is aspects began to appear, for example: the function of incomparable. It provides an important semantic- antonyms in scientific discourse, their role in literary systemic relation of language units. The phenomenon and publicity texts [7,16,17,25], in religious of antonymy is mainly recognized as a linguistic discourse[1], their relationship to the phenomenon of representative of the category of opposition. enantiosemy[18], paradigmatic features of antonyms[8], the linguocognitive aspect of There has always been a debate among antonyms[9], phonosemantic features of opposite- linguists about the logical and linguistic nature of meaning lexemes[34], comparative-semantic analysis antonymy, that is, whether antonymy is a linguistic of antonyms in different languages[14], etc. phenomenon or a purely logical phenomenon. Many linguists put more emphasis on the logical aspect of MATERIALS AND METHODS this category. In particular, L.A.Novikov analyzes several types of antonymy according to its logical The methodological basis of this article is the aspect, such as contrarian (based on gradual relations), laws of dialectical philosophy about unity and conflict complementary (based on contradictory relations), opposites, unity of form and content, generality and conversive and vector [24]. V.A. Mikhaylov uses the particularity. The methods of description, comparison, terms qualitative (on the basis of gradual relations) and component analysis, and linguopoetic analysis were complementary (on the basis of binary (double) used in the work. relations) in this regard [19]. In order to reveal the linguistic nature of the category of opposition, the article analyzed many As time passed, the linguistic interpretation scientific literatures conducted in Russian and Uzbek of the phenomenon of antonymy became more linguistics. widespread. The initial works were mainly devoted to The phenomenon of antonymy in Uzbek determining the nature of this phenomenon, but later linguistics was initially interpreted in some articles, the following issues related to antonymy began to textbooks and scientific works [22] based on different emerge as an object of study: the interaction of opinions. In particular, S.Mutallibov’s article Parmenides and Empedocles “separated the following "Antonyms" is one of the first works devoted to the dilemmas: unity and plurality, static and dynamic, full study of antonyms in the Uzbek language. This article and empty, visible and invisible. Democritus analyzes the antonymic paradigms in the Uzbek emphasized that the opposition has a relative language of the 11th century. But in this case, we character” [9]. Plato reflects on the transmissibility of observe that the linguist in some places includes words opposites, their symmetry and equality. Aristotle’s that do not meet the requirements of antonyms. For scientific views on contradiction are especially example, he distinguishes between the words fire and noteworthy. T.F.Chursunova, assessing Aristotle’s water as antonyms. A similar situation can be found in philosophical views, says: “The study of antonymy S.Usmonov’s scientific views. In his article began with the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle” "Antonyms", types of antonymy are distinguished such as "full" and "half". If the linguist takes pairs like [12] says that the types of contradictions under the high - low, night - day as "full antonyms", he includes terms of contradiction and complementarity were words such as chol (old man) – kampir (old woman), already distinguished by Aristotle at that time[12]. fire - water among "half antonyms". In addition, These scientific views of the linguist have their basis, S.Usmanov also pays attention to the structural because Aristotle made the following points in his classification of antonyms such as "same root" and work "Categories": "If the opposition is such that, "different root". In this case, the antonyms of hearty -