A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF "TOM SAWYER" BY MARK TWAIN AND "SHUM BOLA" BY GAFUR GULOM

Аннотация

This scientific article aims to explore the thematic and stylistic similarities and differences between two iconic literary works from distinct cultural backgrounds: "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" by Mark Twain and "Shum bola" by Gafur Gulom. Through an examination of the narrative frameworks, character lines, and socio-cultural backgrounds of these books, we hope to shed light on the range of viewpoints that these well-known writers offer. Key words: Artistic comparative analysis, adventure, naughtiness, independence, orphans, friends, autobiographical elements, stylistic originality. СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ «ТОМА СОЙЕРА» МАРКА ТВЕЙНА И «ШУМ БОЛА» ГАФУРА ГУЛОМА Аннотация. Целью данной научной статьи является исследование тематических и стилистических сходств и различий между двумя знаковыми литературными произведениями разных культур: «Приключения Тома Сойера» Марка Твена и «Шум бола» Гафура Гулома. Путем изучения повествовательных рамок, линий персонажей и социокультурного происхождения этих книг мы надеемся пролить свет на диапазон точек зрения, которые предлагают эти известные писатели. Ключевые слова: Художественный сравнительный анализ, приключение, озорство, самостоятельность, сироты, друзья, автобиографические элементы, стилистическое своеобразие. Well-known works like "Tom Sawyer" and "Shum Bola" came from different cultural contexts. Twain's American classic, which takes place in the Midwest in the 19th century, presents a nostalgic picture of childhood experiences. In the meantime, "Shum bola”, Gulom's Uzbek book, explores the complexities of Central Asian society norms and identity. The common topic of coming-of-age and self-discovery is explored in both stories, despite their geographical difference. Looking at the details, although great writers Mark Twain and Gafur Gulom did not live at the same time, their masterpieces have many similarities according to their genre. Both narratives provide the adventure of protagonists named Tom Sawyer in “The adventures of Tom Sawyer” and Koravoy in “Shum Bola”. For this reason, we are able to know that the genre of both books is adventure. Adventure was originally a Middle English word derived from the Old French adventure meaning “destiny,” “fate,” or “chance event.” Today, we define adventure as a remarkable or unexpected journey, experience, or event that a person participates in because of chance. This last detail, a result of chance, is a key element of adventure; the stories usually involve a character who is brought to the adventure by chance, and chance usually plays a large role in the 1 71 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2024 VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 1 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ episodes of the story. Also, adventures usually include dangerous situations, narrow escapes, problems to be solved through intelligence and skill, exotic people and places, and brave deeds.1 Published Books Authors Protagonists Genre Main idea year Adventure, exploration, and discovery are central themes in the American “The experience. It is at the core adventur Mark of The Adventures of Tom 1. es of 1876 Tom Sawyer Adventure Twain Sawyer. Tom is an Tom adventurer, an explorer, Sawyer” and a thrill-seeker, driven by his imagination and sense of nobility.2 the tale of a fourteen-year- old Uzbek boy from Tashkent, who because of “Shum Gafur 2. 1936 Koravoy Adventure his lies and bola” Gulom mischievousness, gets himself into a series of amusing scrapes.3 Table 1st. General information about “The adventures of Tom Sawyer” and “Shum bola” We can see in the table that the Uzbek author Gafur Gulom is reported to have crafted his masterwork in 1936 based on the sources. However, he initially referred to the work by a different name. Later, after revising the description and a few scenes, the name was also altered. The narrative illustrates the author's early years as well as the perception of Tashkent in the early 1900s. The book cannot be regarded as autobiographical even though many of the central events are drawn from the writer's life (for instance, the writer acknowledged that he just selected his father's unique looks and remarks for the hero Hoji Bobo). The fantasy and creative texture in it outweigh the accurate historical details. "In essence, this work, with deep national spirit, is close to Mark Twain's "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and some of Dicken's novels," said L.Bat about it. In turn, real people serve as the source of inspiration for numerous characters in Mark Twain's 1876 novel "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer." He portrayed his brother Henry as Cousin Sid and Cousin Mary, his mother as Aunt Polly, and his sister Pamela. His educational experiences are included in the book, and the story's trial scene is set in his father's courtroom. Being a well- known humorist, Mark Twain distinguished himself from many other novels of his era by keeping 1 Adventure: Definitions and examples LiteraryTerms.net 2 Tom Sawyer Themes: Wha