Развитие транспортной инфраструктуры Узбекистана как фактор повышения конкурентоспособности экономики страны

Аннотация

В статье исследуется влияние развития транспортной инфраструктуры на повышение конкурентоспособности экономики Узбекистана. Проведен подробный анализ текущего состояния транспортной инфраструктуры страны. Выявлены возможности улучшения и улучшения показателей эффективности функционирования этой сферы. Annotatsiya.MaqoladatransportinfratuzilmasiningrivojlanishiO'zbekistoniqtisodiyotiningraqobatbardoshliginio shirishgaqandayta'sirko'rsatishiko'ribchiqilgan. Mamlakatimiz transport infratuzilmasininghozirgiholatinibatafsiltahlilqilishamalgaoshirildi. Ushbusohafaoliyatisamaradorliginioshirishvatakomillashtirishimkoniyatlarianiqlandi. Key words: logistics, transport infrastructure, economic development, export potential, competitiveness. Ключевые слова: логистика, транспортная инфраструктура, экономическое развитие, экспортный потенциал, конкурентоспособность. Kalitso'zlar: logistika, transport infratuzilmasi, iqtisodiyrivojlanish, eksportsalohiyati, raqobatbardoshlik. Introduction: Given the fact that the countries of Central Asia are landlocked, in order to realize their industrial and trade potential, it is very important to develop land and air transport infrastructure and improve the technical support of this area. The improvement of the transport sector and the logistics system primarily leads to a reduction in production costs, reduces the costs associated with the risks of transportation and storage of products. Secondly, it is an attractive indicator for both local producers and external investors. In addition, the developed transport infrastructure contributes to the development of tourism, provides safe and fast transportation of passengers and goods, and thus contributes to social development. Uzbekistan seeks to achieve high rates of economic development. Fast access to sources of production, safe and efficient delivery of products are key to realizing the country's export potential. In Uzbekistan, road transport is the largest component of the entire transport infrastructure. The total length of land roads is 184,000 kilometers. Of these, 42695 are public roads. Compared to January-December 2017, in 2018, transport services increased by 7.3 trillion and amounted to 39.4 trillion UZS [3]. The main goal of institutional and legislative reforms in the field of road transport in recent years is to improve the functioning of road transport based on competition for the right to provide transport services, attracting carriers with various forms of ownership to this sector. In 2016, the entire road transport of the country will carry 1 billion 473 million tons of cargo and 7 billion 795 million passengers, and this indicator in percentage terms for this period in 2015 is 105.3 and 103.8%. Freight turnover amounted to 35 billion 945 million km / so (in relation to this period in 2015 - 106.0%), passenger turnover amounted to 99 billion 306 million passenger capacity / km. (in relation to this period in 2015 - 104.6%). If we compare the main indicators of road transport for 2007-2016. Compared to the indicators of 2007, the indicators at the end of 2016 increased by almost 1.7 times, and the passenger turnover increased by 2.1 times, respectively [5]. The country has created favorable conditions for the development of a market economy, market relations and a healthy competitive environment in the market of motor transport services. Over the past 15 years, the number of operating passenger transport routes has increased by 2347 and reached 4351. Of these, 997 urban, 2743 suburban and 611 intercity. In 2016, 135 open tenders were held in the country and 2,069 passenger routes were deployed [8]. Meanwhile, the road infrastructure, especially in suburban areas, leaves much to be desired. In the densely populated cities of the Republic, with the exception of Tashkent, the condition of most roads does not meet international standards, and interregional roads are not equipped with modern infrastructure. As of January 1, 2019, the total length of railway tracks is 6950 km. Freight turnover amounted to 22.9 billion tons / km, and passenger traffic was 4329 million passengers km. [8] Operation of the new Tashguzar - Boysun - Kumkurgan railway, 223 kilometers long, provides favorable conditions for the development of various industries. This road made it possible to create a single railway line in the south of Uzbekistan, uniting not only the Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya regions, but also the region with the capital and other parts of the country. There are 11 international airports in Uzbekistan [9]. Air cargo transportation figures were 126.798 million tons in December 2017. This represents a significant increase over the previous figure of 112.282 million tonnes in December 2016. In international practice, in order to assess how efficiently the transport and logistics sectors are functioning, a special unified logistics efficiency index has been introduced, which includes transport infrastructure, timeliness of trans