Word formation in english linguistics

Аннотация

Using proverbs is one of the effective tools to make our speech much more precise and definite. Translating English proverbs into one’s mother tongue is not straightforward. This article highlights firstly the definition of proverb and then provides with some examples of English proverbs that are translated into the Uzbek language. Key words: proverbs, folklore, similarities, challenges, cultural differences, English and Uzbek proverbs. Proverbs play an essential role in every folklore. One of the main characteristics of proverbs is that they encapsulate national identity, culture, and worldview, as well as customs and values, as inferences from people’s centuries-old life experiences. Proverbs are popular among individuals and have been used in speech and interpersonal communication for ages, as well as in historical, political and journalistic writing. Proverbs give our speech a concrete and precise meaning. In addition to this, they give a speech a unique flavor, heighten its impact, and paint it with creative color. The speaker makes heavy use of proverbs to convey his objectives in a more full, definite, and successful manner. Definition of proverb. According to Longman English Dictionary, proverb is a short well-known statement that gives advice or expresses something that is generally true. Origin: Old French «proverb,» from Latin «proverbium,» from «pro» (put out) + «verbum» (word). A proverb is an expression which, owing its birth to the people, testifies to its origin in form and phrase. It expresses what is apparently a fundamental truth—that is, a truism —in homely language, often adorned, however, with alliteration and rhyme. It is usually short, but need not be; it is usually true, but need not be. Some proverbs have both a literal and figurative meaning, either of which makes perfect sense; but more often they have but one of the two. A proverb must be venerable; it must bear the sign of antiquity, and, since such signs may be counterfeited by a clever literary man, it should be attested in different places at different times. This last requirement we must often waive in dealing with very early literature, where the material at our disposal is incomplete. Translating English proverbs into Uzbek. When translating proverbs, we must first address the linguistic and cultural differences. Not only the content, form, and eloquence of the proverb should be translated, but also the ethnic and regional qualities. Only in this manner will we be able to appropriately translate the proverbs. Regardless of the language or ethnicity, we can see the similarities and differences between their folklore. The similarities are that the issues of upbringing are very similar to each other, regardless 222 XXI CENTURY RENAISSANCE IN THE PARADIGM OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS of religion and nationality. Upbringing is almost the same in every family. But differences in religions, differences in the will of nations, make a difference. It should also be noted that the proverbs of each country differ depending on the history of creation and the way of expressing the way of life of the people. There are similarities between English and Uzbek proverbs. For example;  English form: First impressions are the most lasting.  Uzbek form: Birinchi taassurot – kishi xotirasida uzoq saqlanadi. The proverb “first impressions are the most lasting” means that “I should attempt to show my personality, by my neat clothes, good communication and professional skills for the first time when I meet the manager. Otherwise, the manager will hardly change his attitude towards me or seems to be strange no matter I will try to behave myself positively next time.” We translated the proverb “First impressions are the most lasting” word-for-word as birinchi taassurot juda uzoq davom etadi. We considered some information is missing in translation, for this reason in our translation, so it is added some Uzbek phrases “kishi xotirasida”.  English form: Charity begins at home.  Uzbek form: Avval o’zingni to’ydir, Keyin o’zgani. O’zing to’y o’zgani qo’y. Rahimdillik – oiladan boshlanadi. This proverb means that every person should initially share spiritual and material possession with their family then with other people.  English form: Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.  Uzbek form: Yaxshiga umid bog’la, yomonga o’zingni shayla. This simple proverbial sentence warns a person about considering positive and negative results of a particular activity.  English form: “Hear twice before you speak once”.  Uzbek form: “Ikki marta tinglab, bir marta gapir”. It’s easy to spurt out something without really thinking about it. Before you speak, make sure that you mean what you say. Stand by what you do say, and follow through. In conclusion, proverbs are the shortest, most instructive, and maybe most often utilized messages. We make our conversation more vibrant and expressive by using them. All nations’ proverbs have a lot in c