ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Аннотация

Phraseologism is an integral and organic part of both the language system and culture. It is also called a phraseological turnover, a speech turnover - this is a stable combination of words characteristic only of a given language, the meaning of which is not determined by the meaning of the words included in it, taken separately. That is, words that are part of phraseological units more or less lose their own lexical meaning. Thus, the phraseological unit is used as a whole, ready-made phrase. The combination of the meanings of the words included in it is the lexical meaning of the entire phraseological unit. The following article is devoted to the role of phraseology in the English language. Key words: phrase, idiom, word combination, speech, synonym, colloquial phraseology. ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ Аннотация. Фразеологизм является неотъемлемой и органичной частью как языковой системы, так и культуры. Его еще называют фразеологическим оборотом, речевым оборотом - это устойчивое сочетание слов, характерное только для данного языка, значение которого не определяется значением входящих в него слов, взятых отдельно. То есть слова, входящие в состав фразеологизмов, в большей или меньшей степени теряют собственное лексическое значение. Таким образом, фразеологизм используется как цельное, готовое словосочетание. Совокупность значений входящих в него слов и есть лексическое значение всего фразеологизма. Следующая статья посвящена роли фразеологизма в английском языке. Ключевые слова: словосочетание, идиома, словосочетание-комбинация, речь, синоним, разговорная фразеология. Phraseological units include phrases of the following types: idioms, collocations, proverbs, sayings, grammatical phraseological units, phraseological schemes. The world of English 187 phraseology is large and diverse. Every aspect of his research certainly deserves the attention it deserves. Classification of phraseological units of the English language Structural classification A. Substantive phraseological units. Phraseologisms that are functionally related to a noun are considered to be substantive. That is, the core component of substantive phraseological units is a noun. For example: a drop in the bucket (drop in the bucket); Box and Cox (alternating); wind bag （philosopher; battle-ax, etc. B. Verb phrases Phraseologisms, functionally correlated with a verb, should be considered verbal. That is, the core component of such phraseological units is the verb. For example: to play it cool (behave calmly, coolly); to talk big (boast); to break a bubble (expose the true face); to be in the pot (drunk); to make mountains of mokehills (much ado about nothing), etc. C. Adjective phraseological units Adjective should be considered phraseological units, functionally correlated with adjectives, that is, phraseological units, the core component of which is the adjective. The share of adjective in the total volume of the studied phraseological units is very insignificant. D. Phraseologisms with sentence structure In the English language there are phraseological units that are structurally related to the sentence. Typical are those phraseological units built according to the structure of a simple sentence and having components that are related as subject and predicate. For example: he has no guts (he is a worthless person, he is worthless); you said it (I totally agree with you); you’re telling me (you’re telling me! I don’t know!); It never rains but pours (Trouble does not come alone); wipe it off (stop laughing, enough jokes); never say die (don't hang your nose); sink or swin (everything is at stake, there is no choice), etc. English aphorisms and proverbs belong to this subgroup of phraseological units. Their number is great. Speech is the main way people interact. To convey the meaning of the topic of conversation, mood, attitude to certain circumstances, quotes are used that are relevant in a particular situation, proverbs and sayings, phraseological units. The use of figurative expressions distinguishes a broadminded person who thinks outside the box and has a certain store of knowledge. Phraseologisms are divided into several categories: Phraseological unity (idioms) is a speech turnover, the meaning of which does not correspond to the meaning of the words used: a bull in a china shop - an elephant in a china shop. By itself, this expression does not mean anything, but in context it can be characterized by an awkward person. Phraseological combinations are expressions in which one word is used freely, and the second is associated with the first: a bosоm friend is a bosom friend. The word "friend" is widely used, and only in combination with it is the word "bosom" used. Phraseological expressions are ready-made speech phrases that consist of words with a free meaning, they practically do not resemble phraseological units. At the same 188 time, like the previous categories of phraseological units, they are always used accurately and without