Diachronic analysys of economic terms in english and uzbek languages

Аннотация

Economic texts represent a special category of translations that require not just accurate transmission of information, but also taking into account the specific economic realities of different countries. Achieving maximum equivalence of terms is the key to successful translation of such texts. A translator of economic texts must not only speak both languages at a high level, but also have deep knowledge in the field of economics. It is essential to focus on the nuances of terminology, cultural characteristics and contextual meanings in order to achieve the most accurate and adequate transmission of meaning. Keywords: terms, translation transformation, banking sphere. As a result of the development and increasing intensity of international contacts at all levels, translation activities have reached an unprecedented scale. Translating economic topics have become one of the popular issues for specialists. The goal of translating economic documents is to provide the most correct translation, focus on the economic realities of each country. The special theory of translation is divided into subtypes of translation, based on the assumption that they belong to a particular discourse. It is known that the economy has many different areas of activity: bank, finance, trade, exchange, and communication. Therefore, in any economic text, the possibility of vocabulary from other domains should be considered. The correct translation is achieved only if equivalent terms are found. In order to make an adequate translation, the translator must understand the text being translated and have a general understanding of the system of terminology that is used in it. To translate unfamiliar terms and vocabulary you need to use special dictionaries. In the development of economic relations, communication in the economic sphere is of great importance and, as a result, the demand for translating documents is increasing. The great influence of banks on economic development leads to the emergence of a large amount of specialized literature, characterized by the presence of special terminology that requires careful study. In international banking relations, appropriate translation of economic texts and terminology is necessary. Economic texts have a number of features that must be taken into account when translating. In addition to the accuracy of the translation of economic texts, it is also important to preserve their stylistic features.Moreover, translating economic texts carries a big responsibility for translators, it demands complete dedication to the task at hand, high level of concentration and accuracy. With highly specialized translations, even the slightest error, whether in typing or translation, can cause adverse effects, so knowing economic terms is of the essence. Economic terms consisting of two or more words are also difficult to translate. Sometimes the words denoting these concepts are completely simple concepts that are widely used in spoken language and do not 316 cause difficulties in translation. Translators who have no understanding of economics find it difficult to combine these concepts with phrases. It is considered important to preserve the textual nature of the terms in the field of economy between English and Uzbek languages, and through this process, the specific sign of the concept that the terms represent is clearly manifested in the practice of translation. Accordingly, they provide a variety of information and information related to the field, as well as articulate the source to the interviewer. One of the active models used in the translation of economic terms is explained by the method of kalka or loan translation. Kalka is a method which create new lexical units by presenting a parallel alternative to words or phrases in another language without removing them from their meaning. It is known that in the field of linguistics, from the point of view of morphological projection, English is described among inflectional languages. The Uzbek language is among the agglutinative languages, but this process cannot be an obstacle to the possibilities of the kalka process, which is considered a productive model for the translation of field terms in two languages. In our analysis, it was observed that there are full and semi-lexical-semantic kalka in the field terms. In a complete kalka method, the units taken from the source language are used from the second language's own internal capabilities. For example; debitor - қарздор; real estate - кўчмас мулк; dumping - тушириш (чет эл бозорларида молни арзон сотиш); consumer confidence - истеъмолчи ишончи; supplier - таъминотчи; market economy - бозор иқтисодиёти; discount rate - чегирма тариф; financial markets - молиявий бозорлар; free trade - эркин савдо; income tax - даромад солиғи; money supply - пул таъминоти; primary market - бирламчи бозор; raw materials - хомашё; trade unions - савдо бирлашмалари. Partly used kalka method also occurs in the process of transla