РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭМПИРИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ ЛИЧНОСТИ В ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ

Аннотация

In this article, the level of awareness of the situation and the adequacy of behavior in the event of an unexpected life danger are largely determined by the innate characteristics of a person, his attitude, type of nervous system and a number of other psychobiological indicators. how to train and be ready. Key words: emergency situation, extreme situation, extreme conditions, protection, reaction, mental changes, impact, voluntary action, resource, resistance. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭМПИРИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ ЛИЧНОСТИ В ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ Аннотация. В данной статье уровень осознания ситуации и адекватность поведения при возникновении неожиданной жизненной опасности во многом определяются врожденными особенностями человека, его мироощущением, типом нервной системы и рядом других психобиологических показателей. как тренироваться и быть готовым. Ключевые слова: чрезвычайная ситуация, экстремальная ситуация, экстремальные условия, защита, реакция, психические изменения, воздействие, произвольное действие, ресурс, сопротивление. Discussions about the problems of “psychological defense mechanisms” and coping behavior” in extreme situations arose a long time ago and continue to this day. This means that there are practical and theoretical difficulties in identifying defense mechanisms and coping thresholds. Often these processes manifest themselves purposefully. Also, the behavior of psychological defense occurs in external situations and performs the function of “resolving internal conflict” and participates as a mediator in the conflict between consciousness and the unconscious. In extreme situations, psychological defense reflects: denial, repression, rationalization, depression, identification, catharsis and many other forms. Defense mechanisms work effectively due to their powerful criteria for stopping anxiety and overcoming fear. According to S. Freud, “human existence is characterized by the struggle with fears and anxieties that arise in various situations.” Each of the components of extreme living conditions has positive and negative consequences depending on its significance and subjective assessment by a person. At the same time, a person is characterized by a situational understanding of these components of extreme states, on the basis of which both personal (positive) changes and pathological changes in behavior can occur. When exposed to extreme stimuli, the mental processes and states of a person change (perception, perception, thinking, memory, emotions, etc.). Possible pathological disorders may be depression, phobia, anxiety disorder. Extreme episodes change the value system (what was previously insignificant becomes important and valuable), but obsessions, manias, etc. may appear. Extreme situations help change the target behavior, but conflict, aggression and irritability are possible. The environment changes a person’s 4 31 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2023 VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ mental organization for the better (empathy, communication, help, etc.), but depression, psychopathic deviations, and psychological trauma can develop. The environmental factor contributes to changes in the spiritual organization of a person (search for meaning, development of will, courage, heroism), however, the lack of spirituality can lead to the loss of moral principles. Mental protection can be divided into three types according to its functional function and complexity according to age stages. They consist of: 1) sensory-psychological protection – protection occurs in the body through psychosensory control of behavior. 2) perceptual psychological protection - as a result of the use of perceptual psychological control, the individual develops protection. 3) psychological protection of the individual - protection arises in a person as a result of a person’s behavior, activity and conscious actions. Perceptual and sensory protection in humans are associated with the biological needs of a person (to continue to exist while maintaining individuality). Its goal is to preserve and protect conflicts during the psychological development of personality in a person and interpersonal relationships. In these conflicts, a person participates not as an organism or a person, but as an individual. Thanks to pre-formed habitual strategies and the relative immutability of behavior in extreme situations, a person always reacts through a system of interpersonal relationships (asks for help, manipulates, shows aggression, helps others, etc.). It is as if he is involved in some kind of interpersonal game, the exit from which can be very difficult. For example, a victim game in which the roles are predetermined: Victim, Aggressor, Rescuer. Such relationships are built on the basis of a person’s unhealthy reaction to the intrusion of an extreme event and often traumatize the individual. Thus, the assessment of an event in the conditions of a c