This article describes the processes of inclusion of Khorezm in the representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO

Аннотация

This article describes the processes of inclusion of Khorezm in the representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO. The activities of the Khorezm intangible art of khalfa and its performers were also highlighted. Keywords: Khalfism, UNESCO, intangible cultural heritage, history, national value, tradition, museum, Zaroastrianism. Each nation or ethnic group is spiritually distinguished from others by its centuries-old traditions, rituals, and cultural values. Some of these are inseparable from others. Based on these relationships, we can also distinguish several types of intangible heritage objects. Numerous concepts related to spirituality can be listed. However, there are spiritual and religious rituals and events that are unique to a particular people and are difficult to find in others. Intangible cultural heritage exists in every nation and has served as a foundation for intercultural diversity with great tolerance compared to other nations. The concept of "intangible cultural heritage" itself encompasses rituals, traditions, unique forms of expression, dialects, knowledge and skills, as well as associated objects, tools, artifacts, and cultural centers [1]. The most complete form of preserving the historical environment is currently recognized as open-air museums with an architectural and ethnographic profile. The exhibitions of such museums combine both material and spiritual cultural heritage objects, including the creation processes of these material exhibits[2]. In foreign practice, alongside the term "non-material," the term "intangible" is also frequently used [3]. Intangible cultural heritage manifests in the following areas: - Oral traditions and forms of expression, including language as a carrier of intangible cultural heritage; - Performing arts; - Customs, rituals, and festivals; - Knowledge and traditions related to nature and the cosmos; - Knowledge and skills related to traditional craftsmanship. 64 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference On September 30, 2009, UNESCO added 76 forms of cultural heritage to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Among these, the art of "Xalfachilik" (Khorezm wood carving) is recognized as one of the invaluable and ancient arts of the Uzbek people. In Khorezm, those who sing folk songs, epic works, excerpts, and some other verses are called "xalfas." Xalfachilik is an art practiced by women in the Khorezm region, which involves the performance of local oral creative traditions. Xalfas are divided into specific categories based on their activity: "xalfa soziy" (those who play musical instruments and sing), "xalfa yodog'iy" (those who sing songs at weddings and celebrations), "xalfa dostonchi" (performers of epic poems and their parts), "xalfa raqqosa" (dancing women), and "xalfa kitobiy" (those who recite books at mourning ceremonies). These women were also authors of poetry and songs. One of the famous Khorezmian xalfas, Ojiza xalfa (Onabibi Otajonova), composed more than 30 songs that are sung by many xalfas. In the past, xalfas provided services in the "inner" (domestic) sphere. Xalfachilik art is divided into two types: ensemble xalfas (xalfa yodog'iy, sozi, and raqqosa) and solo xalfas (xalfa kitobiy). Ensemble xalfas consist of three people: the master xalfa (who plays the harmonium and sings), the doirachi (who accompanies the singing with a drum, sometimes dances), and the players (who dance, play with a cymbal, join the leading xalfas in singing, and sometimes play the drum). "Xalfa yodog'iy" performs wedding songs, lapars, and yallas; "xalfa dostonchi" performs folk epics, excerpts, and epic songs, interpreting works they have created or those of other artists. Solo xalfas perform epics, poems, and songs without musical instruments, reading books in a pleasant tone on various topics in an oral or written tradition. Xalfas participate in all local weddings, various ceremonies, women's gatherings, and festivals. They lead weddings and other ceremonies, opening with "Toy Muborak" (Happy Wedding) or "Toy Boshlovi" (Wedding Opening) songs and closing with "Toy Javobi" (Wedding Response) songs. Their artistry is characterized by the skillful execution of songs, the ability to charm listeners, and improvisation. Xalfachilik continues to thrive as a charming and youthful art form for women in the Khorezm region (currently Khorezm province and the Ellikqala district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan). Today, notable xalfas include Bibi Shoira, Ojiza xalfa, Khonimjon xalfa, Onajon Safarova, Nazira Sobirova, Roziya 65 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Matniyoz qizi, Saodat Xudoyberganova, Poshsho Saidmamat qizi, Ambarjon Ro‘zimetova, and Anorjon Razzoqova. Xalfachilik is being preserved and taught not only through traditional "master-apprentice" schools but also through modern music schools in Khiva, Urganch, an