Gifted children: problems, searches, ways of education and training

Аннотация

This article describes giftedness, problems, searches, ways of education and training caring for gifted children and how to teach children with extraordinary mental abilities, how to promote their optimal development. Keyword. giftedness, creative self-realization, identification, gifted children, capabilities, self-determination and self-organization. Giftedness is still a mystery to most children, teachers and many parents. For the general public, the most important problems are not so much the scientific foundations of giftedness, but primarily their real life manifestations, methods of identification, development and social realization. Caring for gifted children today is caring for the development of science, culture and social life tomorrow. There are already ways to identify such children, and programs are being developed to help them realize their abilities. However, the problem of diagnostics and development of highly gifted and talented children at all stages of their education, the problem of children understanding their giftedness and personal responsibility for creative self-realization exists. The main goal of education was previously defined as the formation of the foundations of a comprehensively and harmoniously developed personality; now the emphasis is seen in raising an active, creative personality, aware of the global problems of humanity, ready to participate in solving them as much as possible. Now we need 124 people who do not think in stereotypes, but who know how to look for new ways to solve proposed problems and find a way out of a problematic situation. Not so long ago it was believed that all children are equal both intellectually and emotionally. You just need to teach them to think, empathize, and solve complex logical problems. However, the experience of modern education shows that there are differences between children. Children are distinguished with more developed intelligence than their peers, with creativity, with the ability to classify, generalize, and find relationships. They are constantly in search of answers to questions that interest them, they are inquisitive, they show independence and activity. Identification, training and education of gifted and talented children is one of the main problems in improving the education system. Education methods of gifted children. Currently, there is an increased interest in the problem of giftedness, in the problems of identifying, training and development of gifted children and, accordingly, in the problems of training teachers to work with them. Giftedness is now defined as the ability to achieve outstanding achievements in any socially significant area of human activity, not just in the academic field. Giftedness should be seen as both achievement and opportunity for achievement. The meaning of the statement is that one must take into account both those abilities that have already manifested themselves and those that may manifest themselves. The problem of giftedness is a complex problem in which the interests of different scientific disciplines intersect. The main ones are the problems of identifying, training and developing gifted children, as well as the problems of professional and personal training of teachers, psychologists and education managers to work with gifted children. Work with gifted children should be carried out in three stages. Stage I - anamnestic - at the first stage of education - identification of gifted children, taking into account their success in any activity. Based on the results of Olympiads, various competitions, creative works, as well as during conversations with teachers in our school, a data bank of gifted children of the school has been compiled. Stage II – diagnostic – at this stage an individual assessment of the child’s creative abilities and characteristics is carried out. Stage III is the stage of formation, deepening and development of the child’s extraordinary abilities, as well as his profile orientation. At the third stage of working with gifted children, the main role is given to teachers, whose task is to form and deepen their abilities. This stage of work should be carried out by two groups of teachers: 1) teachers, introducing the student to the scope of the educational subject, stimulating and maintaining interest in the subject, laying the foundations of the knowledge system, working with the student on the technique of performing activities when solving various educational problems; 2) mentors who play a significant role in the individualization of education for gifted children: - perform the functions of a scientific supervisor, leading the student to a high professional level in working on a topic chosen by the student himself; – coordinate the individual work of all persons interested in the fate of a gifted student; – provide the communication necessary for a gifted student; – communicate with the parents of a gifted student. Mentors can be teachers, psychologists, stude